Schizoid Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments

Schizoid Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments Theories Personality Psychology Print An Overview of Schizoid Personality Disorder By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 09, 2020 Cultura / Zero Creatives / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment View All Back To Top Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a chronic and pervasive condition characterized by social isolation and feelings of indifference toward other people.?? Those who live with this disorder are often described as distant or withdrawn. People with this condition avoid social situations that involve interaction with other people. They find it difficult to express emotions and lack the desire to form close personal relationships. This type of personality disorder is believed to be relatively rare and tends to affect more men than women.?? People with schizoid personality disorder are also at risk of experiencing depression. Symptoms People with schizoid personality disorder typically experience: Detachment from other peopleLittle or no desire to form close relationships with othersInfrequent participation in activities for fun or pleasureA sense of indifference to praise and affirmation, as well as to criticism or rejectionOften described as cold, uninterested, withdrawn, and aloofDoes not enjoy social or family relationshipsIndifference to social norms and expectationsA preoccupation with introspection and fantasy?? The disorder is often first noticeable during childhood and is usually apparent by early adulthood. The symptoms of the disorder can have an impact on multiple life domains including family relationships, school, and work. The DSM-5 defines schizoid personality disorder as a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity form, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.?? People with schizoid personality disorder are often described by others as aloof, cold, and detached. Those who have the disorder may prefer being alone, but some may also experience loneliness and social isolation as a result. Those with this disorder also tend to have few friendships, date rarely, and often do not marry. The symptoms of the disorder may also make it difficult to work in positions that require a lot of social interaction or people skills. People with a schizoid personality disorder may do better in jobs that involve working in solitude. Schizoid Personality Disorder vs. Schizophrenia While schizoid personality disorder is considered one of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and shares some common symptoms with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, there are important distinctions that separate SPD from those two disorders. Those with SPD rarely experience paranoia or hallucinations.?? Also, while they may seem aloof and distant during conversations, they do make sense when they speak, which differs from the difficult to follow speech patterns  that often demonstrated by people with schizophrenia. An Overview of Schizophrenia Causes The causes of schizoid personality disorder are not known,?? although it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role. Personality is shaped by a wide variety of factors including inherited traits and tendencies, childhood experiences, parenting, education, and social interactions. All of these factors may play some part in contributing to the development of SPD.?? Diagnosis If you are concerned about your symptoms, you may start by consulting your doctor. Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and check for any underlying medical conditions that might be contributing to your symptoms. In most cases, you will likely then be referred to a mental health professional.   The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria state that people must display at least four of the following symptoms in order to be diagnosed with SPD: Lack of desire or enjoyment for close personal relationshipsAlways chooses solitary activitiesLittle or no interest in sex with other peopleExperiences little pleasure from activitiesNo close friends other than immediate familyIndifference to criticism or praiseEmotional detachment and lack of emotional expression?? Schizoid personality disorder is most often diagnosed by a psychiatrist or another mental health professional who is trained to diagnose and treat personality disorders. General practitioners often lack the training to make this type of diagnosis, especially since the condition is so uncommon and is often confused with other mental disorders.   People who have schizoid personality disorder rarely seek out treatment on their own. It is often only after the condition has severely interrupted multiple areas of a persons life that treatment is sought.   Treatment Schizoid personality disorder can be challenging to treat. Those with the disorder often do not seek treatment and may struggle with psychotherapy because they find it difficult to develop working relationships with a therapist.?? The social isolation that characterizes schizoid personality disorder also makes it difficult to find support and assistance. People with schizoid personality disorder may find it easier to form relationships that center on intellectual, occupational, or recreational pursuits because such relationships do not rely on self-disclosure and emotional intimacy.?? Medications may be used to treat some of the symptoms of schizoid personality disorder such as anxiety and depression. Such medications are usually used in conjunction with other treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or group therapy. CBT can help people with SPD identify problematic thoughts and behaviors and develop new coping skills. Group therapy may help people practice interpersonal skills. One-on-one therapy can seem intimidating for people with this condition because it requires a great deal of social interaction. Such treatments may be most effective when mental health professionals are careful to avoid pushing too hard and clients are not faced with excessive pressure and emotional demands.?? The Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell? The condition is usually enduring, chronic, and lifelong, but with support and effective treatment, people who live with it can continue to live functional lives. Tips for Living With a Personality Disorder

Advanced Directives An Underutilized Means Of...

Advanced Directives: An Underutilized Means of Communicating One’s End of Life Wishes Imagine having to make the decision to take a loved one off a ventilator or to remove a tube feeding. You might find yourself thinking, what would they want? Would they want to live in a nursing home, connected to â€Å"tubes,† possibly without a means to communicate or care for themselves? How would they define â€Å"quality of life†? Have you ever discussed with them what their wishes are if they are unable to speak for themselves? Have they discussed it with family or friends? Did they write their wished down anywhere? Would it make the decision easier if you knew your loved one’s wishes? Can you feel the stress, anxiety, and dread overcoming you?†¦show more content†¦Advanced directives (ADs) are an effective method of communicating one’s preferences for end of life care, but they are often underutilized. Advance Directives allow an individua l to state his or her personal end of life health care choices in advance of an incapacitation illness or injury. According to U.S. Living Will Registry (2015), there are two types of directives: 1) A Living Will, a legal document in which an individual states the kind of health care they want or don’t want under certain circumstances. 2) A Health Care Proxy (or durable health care power of attorney) is a legal document in which an individual names a person to make medical decisions for them in the event they become incapacitated. In 1976, the landmark case of Karen Quinlan established the right to refuse medical care on the basis of the right to privacy (McGowen, 2011, p. 64). Karen Quinlan’s parents requested that their 21 year old daughter be removed from mechanical ventilation after she was deemed to be in a persistent vegetative state after mixing a strict diet, drugs, and alcohol. The physician refused to remove life sustaining treatment despite Karen’s persistent vegetative state, as she did not meet the criteria for brain death. The case was appealed to the New Jersey Supreme Court where

Edgar Allan Poe And Annabel Lee - 1213 Words

Edgar Allen Poe and Annabel Lee in a Kingdom by the sea was the two young hearts who fell deeply in love and was separated by death. It must have been magical for these two young lovers to feel the strong emotions and feelings for each other unconditional love, but Edgar found himself alone in reality longing for his love Annabel who left the world in a Kingdom by the sea. Before the mysterious death of Edgar Allan Poe, he wrote the famous poem of â€Å"Annabel Lee† in the year 1849. Edgar successfully captured his readers and emotions of his sorrow. According to his biography, he was born in January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. He was raised as a foster child since his parents died when he was just three years old. Poe is now called the first American writers who became a major figure in world literature. Some people might think of him as lost and mystical it s because of how life threatened him while he was growing up. The biggest impact was the loss of his wife, Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe. Poe wrote Annabel Lee and delivered as the subject of his wife Virginia. In this poem he managed to tell a story about the honor of his love Virginia. He showed us the picture of the surrounding from his memory during the time he was with her. From the beginning until the end of the poem, the way he pictured the images supported me as a reader to embrace the intense feelings of the hardship of losing her. In this literary piece, it is so captious to conclude how heartbreakingShow MoreRelatedAnnabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe947 Words   |  4 PagesAnnabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe The poem Annabel Lee has become one of Edgar Allan Poe’s most famous works. This not only was one of Poe’s more popular poems but it was also the very last complete poem he ever wrote. According to Jeannine Johnson, â€Å"Annabel Lee appeared October 9, 1849, In the New York Tribune, two days after the author’s death†. This poem represents multiple things Poe was going through in his life. Including the tragic death of his dearest wife Virginia. Throughout the poem, PoeRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthan love (Poe Line 9). Love is one of the most important things to have in life, whether it is with family, friends, or that special someone, but that does not mean it will be perfect because everyone has problems. Love can be complicated; it may not be defined so easily or fit the normal standard of love. Sometimes love comes with a desire or an obsession. The inspiration of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Po e was inspired by the women that had passed away in his life, but since Poe had writtenRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Annabel Lee913 Words   |  4 PagesAnother one of Edgar Allen Poe famous poems was â€Å"Annabel Lee†. â€Å"Annabel Lee† was written in 1849 shortly after the death of Poe’s wife. Annabel Lee tells a story about a narrator s painful memory and also explains his love and devotion to his long lost love, Annabel (Empric 1). The narrator discusses how the two grew up together and the love they had for each other was real and exclusive. The narrator goes on to share his belief that the â€Å"angels above were the cause of Annabel s death, killingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Annabel Lee908 Words   |  4 Pagessignify his love. In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee†, the themes of love and abandonment are explored through literary elements of symbolism, imagery and repetition in order to create a mystical fairy tale for a long lost lover . Poe sets the background stating both lovers are children-like and their love is untainted innocent affection. While being young, the narrator tries to explain to the readers that their love wasn’t not just lust but actual love for his lost Annabel Lee. The use of symbolismRead MoreThe Ravena and Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe833 Words   |  3 PagesComparison and Contrast â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"Annabel Lee,† by Edgar Allan Poe, are two poems about eternal love and despair. Poe shows the speaker in both poems dealing with the passing of their lover and how they are coping with it. These poems have a different theme from one another; yet have similarities relating to eternal love. In â€Å"The Raven† the speaker is very sad, lonely, and is feeling great sorrow from the loss of his loved one. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† the speaker is not so much sad, but ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1989 Words   |  8 Pageslove one is gone. In â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allan Poe the main character has becomes completely lost in anguish and cannot seem to move on, whereas in â€Å"A valediction; Forbidding Mourning† by John Donne the narrator is accepting of the goodbye because he knows that spiritually they and their love will always be together. The contrasting events that take place are the tragic events after their loved ones being lost, which shows the difference in personalities from authors Poe and Donne and how theyRead MoreEssay about Annabel Lee, Edgar Allan Poe1009 Words   |  5 Pagespieced together to make a rhyme, and evokes true emotion that is palpable. One of the most influential authors that contributed to this experience was Edgar Allan Poe. His work is almost immediately recognizable due to his common motif that is both melancholy and mysterious. Much of his writing concerns love and loss, such as in his poem â€Å"Annabel Lee.† The essence of this work is endless love and the death of a beautiful young girl. It is thought by many that most of his literature mirrors his actualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Annabel Lee† is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe about a man’s painful memory of his long-dead love, Annabel Lee. The narrator explains that he an Annabel had a love so intense it made the angels in heaven envious. Out of jealously the angels sent a cold wind that eventually killed Annabel. However, even death could not separate them because their souls are entwined with one another’s. He continues to tell the reader that he still loves her all these years later. In fact he loves her so much heRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe990 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allan Poe, he talks about two important characteristics, dead and love. He describes her, as a young woman who is deeply in love with him, and vice versa. There love is unique and strong, and this is the reason why angels and demons are against their happiness, creating envy and jealously. Unfortunately she dies, to what he blames it on the demos who hate them, taking his love away and placing her on a sepulcher. But he makes his point by saying that not even demosRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing of Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe in this poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† written in 1849, and first published shortly after his death in Sartain’s Union Magazine, is a story of true love and great loss where a man loves a woman so deeply and is devastated when she dies but holds on to that love even after death. No one really knows whom exactly Poe wrote this poem about, whether or not it was actually inspired by someone he truly loved due to his death right after he wrote it. There

Role of Industrial Manager Free Essays

The modern industrial manager is largely responsible for overlooking management operations at the workplace along with the management of people and technology. The role of the industrial manager is mainly personnel management initiatives for the employees as well as operational management and technology management through HR principles and knowledge management involving technological advances. Some of the theories that could be discussed in the context would be McGregor’s theory X-Y, Taylor and Fayol theories of management and how leadership skills of the manager could affect output and general performance of employees and the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Industrial Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now Role of manager: The focus here is on the role of the industrial manager, what he does and the tasks he is expected to perform. McGregor has formulated his X-Y theory by examining theories of individual behavior at work and his assumptions for theory X and theory Y vary considerably (McGregor, 2006). The theory X assumptions are that employees inherently dislike work and the managers feel that workers are in the job mainly because of the money. This sort of management style has inherent flaws as tight controls could go against the freedom of employees and will finally make people unproductive and resentful. The theory Y shows the management style marked by open-mindedness allowing individuals to work with their own responsibility. In this case, the manager believes that employees commit to their organizations through imagination, and creativity (McGregor, 2006; Weisbord, 2004). If the job is satisfying, individuals will more often commit to their organization which is always good from any HR perspective. Theory Y is often considered a positive set of assumptions for workers and reflects higher order needs. The other theories of management that could be used in practice would be Taylor’s scientific management theory that suggests that man is a rational economic animal concerned with his own economic gain and people tend to respond individually. Taylor’s theory suggests that people could be treated like machines and these principles suggest that high wages could be linked to motivation. However, considering humans as standardized machines would be like overlooking several individual differences and this would not be advantageous for any organization. Fayol’s theory emphasized on team dynamics and employee efforts in an organization (Fayol, 1988). Division of labor, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command and direction, emphasis on general interest, remuneration, centralization, line of authority, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative etc are some of the features in Fayol’s theory that points out to a successful management system within an organization. Conclusion: In conclusion the role of the industrial manager is associated with bringing out a balance between people’s sense of responsibility and economic and other gains of the company. The theories used here suggest that the industrial manager is responsible for understanding individual needs of employees as also their opinions and sense of responsibility. Bibliography Fayol, Henri. (1988) General and industrial management /Â  Henry Fayol. Pitman McGregor, Douglas. (2006) The human side of enterprise /Â  Douglas McGregor, updated and with new commentary by Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld. New York ;Â  London :Â  McGraw-Hill, Weisbord, Marvin Ross. (2004) Productive workplaces revisited :Â  dignity, meaning, and community in the 21st century /Â  Marvin R. Weisbord. [2nd ed.]. San Francisco, Calif. :Â  Jossey-Bass ;Â  Chichester :Â  John Wiley How to cite Role of Industrial Manager, Essay examples

The Fairlytale of Shrek Essay Example For Students

The Fairlytale of Shrek Essay As a child, I grew up spending countless hours watching fairy tales and dreaming that one-day I would become a princess. Todays modern day fairy tales have changed compared to the classic day fairy tales. That is why one can argue as to whether Shrek falls under the category of a fairy tale or is it just a parody of the popular classic fairy tale. It is my opinion that Shrek is a fairy tale that can be enjoyed by both children and adults. Most fairy tales follow a formula for their storyline, which is a sweet and poor, usually orphaned, young girl who meets a handsome young man who at some point turns out to be a prince. We will write a custom essay on The Fairlytale of Shrek specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Shrek, the storyline varies in that Shrek is an ogre, who sets off to rescue Princess Fiona as part of a bargaining trade with Lord Farquaad to get rid of the fairy tale creatures that have taken over his swamp. This is where Shrek (the movie) makes fun of most of the popular fairy tale characters. Shrek does have a heart of gold, but he does not have the typical sweet personality of most fairy tale characters. At the end of the story the princess does fall in love with him, but unlike Beauty and the Beast, where the beast turns into a prince, Fiona actually turns into an ogre. Although Shrek isnt the typical fairy tale, as it deconstructs and reconstructs the genre, brings about a complexity new re-interpretation of this kind of films,? it does fit into the genre of a fairy tale (Perez). For a story to be classified as a fairy tale it needs to have some of the following characteristics: contain some characters who are either all good or all bad, often include a task that, if completed, brings a reward, often include a magic object  ¦often begin with Once upon a time ? and end with Happily ever after? (Bosma). Shrek does follow many of the fairy tale guidelines. Shrek is one of the good characters along with his talking donkey friend. As for some of the bad characters would be Lord Farquaad and the fairy godmother. Another element of a fairy tale takes place when Fiona had a spell that was cast upon her turning her into an ogre at night. However, the beautiful Princess Fiona is not your typical fairy tale princess, because while she does get Shrek to help rescue her, etc, she also demonstrates the ability of being able to defend herself when they get ambushed in the forest by Robin Hood and his merry men. Shrek also parodies the sentimental moments of most fairy tales. For example, when Snow White runs away from her castle, she befriends numerous amounts of forest animals. In the movie, Shrek, when Fiona sets out to find something to eat for breakfast, she encounters a bird and they both start to sing along; however, due to Fionas high pitch voice the little bird blows up. The previous examples from the film are used to create comic relief in the movie so that parents and children will get a good laugh instead of leaving the cinema with a tissue in hand. There are many comparisons that show how the characteristics in Shrek match the characteristics of what defines a fairy tale. From magic, to good and bad characters, and a task that brings reward, Shrek has it all. When the Grimm Brothers and other writers of fairy tales wrote their books, they would limit themselves to writing about the era in which the story unfolded and there were no Cinderella part II nor III (Brothers Grimm?). This is not the case with Shrek, which has gone on to have four parts. In Shrek part II, Shrek is faced with meeting his in-laws, and automatically meeting with the discontent of his father-in-law. Fiona gets very upset by this and gets visited by her fair godmother who claims that she is going to help her. .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .postImageUrl , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:hover , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:visited , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:active { border:0!important; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:active , .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47e718afe537c25f049fadfb0c0638fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Characters in 10 Things I Hate About You EssayMost fairy tales with fairy in it are usually depicted as sweet, chubby little old ladies that are there to help out the damsel in distress. Fionas fairy godmother turns to out to be the villain of the story, because instead of wanting to help Fiona with her relationship with Shrek, she actually wants to ruin it so that Fiona can leave Shrek and marry her son, prince charming, who is just as mean-spirited as his mom, the fairy godmother. In Shrek parts I-IV there are comments made that relate to todays society, just to inject some humor in the story line and to leave us talking about the movie. For instance the fairy godmother, as mad as she is at King Harold, she stops at a fast food place to pick up some food and implies that her diet is ruined, and while ordering the food she also gets her son prince charming a happy meal along with the toy that comes with a happy meal. There are also more modern day characters in this film with the bartender being a crossdresser. According to one Shrek critic, This is the new world of fairy tales: parodied, ironized, meta-fictionalized pop-culture saturated? (Is Shrek Bad for Kids?). When Shrek gets captured by the police, the incident is being shown on TV, sort of in a COPS type of program, therefore the story has a mixture of old era versus new age technology and characters. One of my favorite parts in Shrek II is when they are having the ball to celebrate Shrek and Fionas marriage, and they are treating the event as your typical Hollywood red carpet award ceremony, which even include a commentator such as Joan Rivers commenting of the guest arriving at the party. Shrek is taking the role of the more modern day fairy tale suitable for both parents and kids to enjoy together. Most of the fairy tales from the 1800s finished with the prince and princess getting married and living happily ever after (Brothers Grimm ?). Since there is up to a part IV of Shrek to follow the original one, we can actually see Shrek and Fionas love evolve, they become parents, which like I stated above in most of the original fairy tales the heroine of the story winding up pregnant was never seldom the case, as the story usually wound up with the princess marrying her prince charming and the reader/viewer assuming that they lived happily ever after. Whether Shrek is considered something other than a fairy tale to some people, one thing that it does have in common with all of the fairy tales, is that his loyalty to Fiona is unbreakable. Despite all of the obstacles put in their way by those who want the relationship to fail, Shrek and Fiona overcome all of this adversity having their love triumph over all of it. One common denominator that Shrek has with all other fairly tales of the past is that he is willing to fight for his beloved Fiona and they live happily ever after ? with his beautiful ogre of a wife Fiona and their triplet little ogre children. One thing it does not have in common though is that Shrek sends the message that not everything comes easy in life. Shrek portrays a message that girls need more independence in life and they should not to leave their dreams up to their prince charming to accomplish.

Fascism Compared To Communism Essays - Totalitarianism, Antisemitism

Fascism Compared To Communism Essays - Totalitarianism, Antisemitism Fascism Compared to Communism Analyze the similarities and the differences between single party rule in Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia between 1933 and 1945. Answers should consider: methods of dealing with opposition, control of media and education, control of the economy, and war time planning. - Why is it that Germany's fascism lasted a relatively short time compared to Russia's communism? The regimes established under Hitler and Stalin were incredibly similar with respect to the rise and control of the state. Both systems were based on entirely different ideology and goals. Hitler's Mein Kampf established the superiority of the German race and the need to expand as wanted by God. Hitler wanted the world. The government in Russia established by Lenin was based on a book called Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, a call to the proletariate to unite and rebel against their selfish employers. It is my belief that Lenin had entirely good reasons for doing as he did, and felt he was helping the world as apposed to Adolf Hitler. Immediately after Lenin's death, a man very much the same in nature as Hitler, Stalin, came to control the Bolsheviks and throw Russia in a civil war in a quest for power. You now have two men of equal aspirations soon to be in control of two very similar governments. In any rise of power, there needs to be a period of careful planning requiring much thought. These two men had very little history with which to work with which to model their revolutions. Times had been changing rapidly, technological improvements in the fields of manufacturing, transportation, and communication made this period of time very different from any other. Hitler spent his time imprison writing his book, Mein Kampf, filling it full of warped ideas of conquest and superiority of one race over another. I think it is strange that such works would go unnoticed with nobody left to watch a man with such dangerous ideas. Lenin planned his revolution while in exile in Switzerland. Then he made a deal with the German government whereby he was hid on a train and passed through enemy Germany to Russia. The conclusions with respect to methods of acquiring power and controlling it when they did get it were very much the same. Both rulers had full run of their respective governments. Stalin was already dictator of Russia with his power and loyalty of the people guaranteed by the secret police, the Cheka. This entity provided Stalin with an easy means of destroying the opposition and weeding out the undesirable to be sent to prison camps in Siberia, a virtual death sentence. For Hitler to ascend to that level of power he rammed the Enabling Act through the German Congress which gave him the power to enact laws. Under Article 1 of his new power, Hitler decreed the only existing party shall be the NSDAP. With Article 2 he declared all association of, collaboration with, and support of other parties would result in imprisonment in camps similar to Russia's labor camps. With Hitler's Gestapo, secret police, he enforced those rules and used existing policies to get rid of other unfit Germans. Political prisoners, homosexuals, Jews and other people sent to the concentration camps were given different colored symbols for easy identification. At this point, no one dared speak against their country even in the privacy of one's home lest their children let something slip at school. If you control people's thoughts, you control them. Propaganda was an important tool used by both Germany and Russia. Hitler appointed a man by the name of Joseph Goebbles to head the Ministry of Public Enlightenment in Germany. This man used newspapers, magazines, and radio to spread Nazism. Even if a man bathed in thoughts of discontent at home, he was bombarded with propaganda in public, and at the workplace. Banners hung from building, posters on almost every sign or lamppost. Anyone with a suspicious look on their face was first detained, and the sent to a prison camp. It was no longer just desirable to be a Nazi considering the benefits like government contracts or being able to ezd first in line, but necessary for employment. Russia

The Florida Expeditions of Ponce de Leon

The Florida Expeditions of Ponce de Leon Juan Ponce de Leà ³n was a Spanish conquistador and explorer, best remembered for settling the island of Puerto Rico and for directing the first major explorations of Florida. He made two trips to Florida: one in 1513 and the second in 1521. It was on this latter expedition that he was wounded by natives and died shortly thereafter. He is associated with the legend of the Fountain of Youth, although it is likely that he was not actively looking for it. Juan Ponce de Leà ³n Ponce was born in Spain around 1474 and arrived in the New World no later than 1502. He proved to be industrious and tough and soon earned the favor of King Ferdinand himself. He was originally a conquistador and assisted in the wars against the natives of Hispaniola in 1504. Later, he was given good land and proved to be an able farmer and rancher. Puerto Rico Ponce de Leon was given permission to explore and settle the island of San Juan Bautista, today known as Puerto Rico. He established a settlement and soon earned the respect of the settlers. He even had decent relations with the islands native population. Around 1512, however, he lost the island to Diego Columbus (son of Christopher) due to a legal ruling back in Spain. Ponce heard rumors of a rich land to the northwest: the natives said the land, Bimini, had much gold and wealth. Ponce, who still had many influential friends, secured permission to colonize any lands he found to the northwest of Puerto Rico. First Florida Voyage On March 13, 1513, Ponce set sail from Puerto Rico in search of Bimini. He had three ships and about 65 men. Sailing northwest, on April 2nd they spotted what they took for a large island: Ponce named it Florida because it was Easter season, referred to as Pascua Florida in Spanish. The sailors landed on Florida on April 3rd: the exact place is unknown but was likely to the north of present-day Daytona Beach. They sailed up the eastern coast of Florida before doubling back and exploring some of the western side. They saw a good deal of Floridas coast, including the Saint Lucie Inlet, Key Biscayne, Charlotte Harbor, Pine Island, and Miami Beach. They also discovered the Gulf Stream. Ponce de Leon in Spain After the first voyage, Ponce went to Spain to be sure, this time, that he and he alone had royal permission to explore and colonize Florida. He met with King Ferdinand himself, who not only confirmed Ponce’s rights in regards to Florida but also knighted him and gave him a coat of arms: Ponce was the first conquistador so honored. Ponce returned to the New World in 1516, but no sooner had he arrived than word of Ferdinand’s death reached him. Ponce returned to Spain once again to make sure his rights were in order: regent Cardinal Cisneros assured him that they were. Meanwhile, several men made unauthorized visits to Florida, mostly to take slaves or look for gold. Second Florida Voyage In early 1521, he rounded up men, supplies, and ships and prepared for a journey of exploration and colonization. He finally set sail on February 20, 1521. This journey was a complete disaster. Ponce and his men selected a site to settle somewhere in western Florida: the exact place is unknown and subject to much debate. They were not there long before they were attacked by furious natives (likely victims of slaving raids). The Spanish were driven back into the sea. Ponce himself was wounded by a poisoned arrow. The colonization effort was abandoned and Ponce was taken to Cuba where he died sometime in July of 1521. Many of Ponces men sailed down to the Gulf of Mexico, where they joined Hernan Cortes expedition of conquest against the Aztec Empire. His Legacy Ponce de Leà ³n was a trailblazer who opened the southeastern US to exploration by the Spanish. His well-publicized Florida voyages would eventually lead to a number of expeditions there, including the disastrous 1528 trip led by the unlucky Pnfilo de Narvaez. He is still remembered in Florida, where some things (including a small town) are named for him. Schoolchildren are taught of his early visits to Florida. Ponce de Leà ³ns Florida trips are probably better remembered because of the legend that he was seeking the Fountain of Youth. He probably wasnt: the very practical Ponce de Leon was looking more for a place to settle than any mythological fountains. Nevertheless, the legend has stuck, and Ponce and Florida will forever be associated with the Fountain of Youth. Source Fuson, Robert H. Juan Ponce de Leon and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida. Blacksburg: McDonald and Woodward, 2000.