Knowledge Is Power Essay

In all honesty, prior to reading Jake Helpern’s articles and meeting him in person, I thought he was some older white guy with a slightly boring style of writing as well as being even more boring in person, but somehow everyone else finds his work fascinating. But since I needed some extra credit points, I took on the challenge of the assignment. Glad to announce my notions of Jake Helpern were totally wrong. Reading Jake Helpern’s articles were like reading a well written novel. His stories had flare, suspense, character, drama and even a touch of sorrow and empathy. For the most part his articles were not just engaging but also very informative. Content versus Form, Content wins. In person, Jake appeared to be just one of the guys. Nothing fancy about himself, very humble and charismatic. After listening to Jake speak briefly about his life, family and his pursuit of his innate being, you can tell he’s sincere and dedicated to his craft and family. Jake was also instrumental in terms of being relative due to his Western New York origins. He can relate to Buffalonians and our struggle as a city in a financial crisis, where one side of the city’s future is in question while another side of the city’s future looks lucrative. If the question is posed if Jake’s articles are a considered artwork, I would agree and disagree. The two articles we covered in class, I believe Jake wrote them with an artistic style of writing. To me, artwork is anything not ephemeral. Jake’s articles can be preserved, but not on the same scale as the Great Pyramids of Egypt or the Tajmahal in India. However, his articles can also be considered non-fiction. Through this experience, I pondered on becoming a writer. I learned academically as well as personal discovery of myself. If Jake were to return to speak again, I’m there.

Ethics and Values in My Life

Ethics and Values in my life There are many values that revolve around my life for a better life, but the 5 important ones are: 1. Integrity  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Do the right thing! This is the most import value and I consider it to be the foundation of achieving a better life. 2. Courage-  Face your fears accept and take on new challenges. The moral and mental strength that allows for the acceptance of new challenges without regards to the fear that may lie beneath. 3. Contentment  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The pursuit of contentment is a state of mind established by fulfilling your basic needs. 4.Action- Do not wait until tomorrow when it can be accomplished today. 5. Respect  To treat people as you would like to be treated. I operate on two value systems in my professional life. This is not necessarily a negative approach since they don’t conflict with each other in fact, they go hand in hand. I believe that your personal values drive your professional values. You don’t just develop pro fessional relationships in a work environment but informal relationships too and sometimes they can be more important as it can drive people to take decisions for the benefit of the organization.For example, having good ties with your direct subordinates can help to retain employees. One can’t always put a price on a comfortable business environment and it maybe the reason workers remain loyal to the organization. In another instance, to achieve contentment one works hard to have access to basic needs and that means doing your job well which is in line with professional competence at work. Before I took admission in the MBA program, I worked as a business partner of a small clothing business in my country.My partner was a good friend and my decision to start a business with her was her commitment to providing unique designs of clothes that maximized customer satisfaction. I often thought of expanding the business but she decided to grow slow as fast expansion can often be unc ontrolled and it can cause compromise on quality. Although I agreed with her premise, I thought it could be done in a harmless way. I was approached by an acquaintance who offered to supply cloth for our business. I jumped to the idea as one part of expansion was to build a strong supply chain.I discussed the idea with my business partner who was interested but pointed out that we can’t just take this decision because I knew the potential supplier personally. We have to carry out research before we make a decision since we can’t risk our business and the money of our two investors. While we tried to establish an idea of the reputation of the supplier, I was offered generous gifts by her and was tempted to take her offer because I assumed her principles and commitment to perfection on the basis of what I knew of her past.She also offered to invest in our business which was a very attractive offer. A person who had a personal stake in the business would ensure best stand ards of operation. From what we got to know about her business was that it supplied cloth of not very good quality, which would affect the quality of our product and could bring disrepute to the business. This actually challenged one of my value ‘objectivity’.For the benefit of our business, I was required to be objective and not let her gifts to cloud my judgment. This was in line with maintaining integrity since we had a customer base that trusted us and we were required to deal fairly with them. It required courage on my part to reject her offer but it was what I needed to do for the benefit of the business and its stakeholders. I am actually very content that I was able to stand firm and did not throw away my beliefs just for some material gains.

An Analysis of the Characters of Liliana Heckers Short Story The Stolen Party

An Analysis of the Characters of Liliana Hecker's Short Story The Stolen Party The characters in the short story, The Stolen Party demonstrate striking differences in their values and beliefs. Each character displays unique traits. It is these unique traits, which illustrate different aspects of society. Each character then, represents a portion of the values and beliefs of todays society. Rosaura is the main character of this writing. The story revolves around her from start to finish. Rosaura is an inexperienced young girl. This story opens with an argument between Rosaura and her mother. Rosaura wants to go to Lucianas birthday party. Luciana is in a wealthy family so Rosauras mother disapproves of her daughters attending the party. In the first few sentences the author makes it evident that Rosaura is financially challenged. Rosauras mother says, I dont like you going because it is a rich peoples party. This one sentence already tells me that they are probably not very wealthy. In addition Rosaura is an inexperienced young girl. She is not tarnished by the belief that everyone should be judged according to his or her financial worth. She, unlike her mother, judges people by who they are and not by how much money they have. When Rosauras mother states, you should not fart higher than your own ass she shows that she feels below those who are wealthy. Rosauras argum ent shows that she does not feel bound by her financial status. Her financial state isnt even an issue to her. She says that she wants to go because she is a friend of Luciana and because she was invited. The author also demonstrates Rosauras openness in the first few paragraphs of the story. Since Rosaura is only nine years old she has no prior experience of prejudice. She does not realize that her mother might be right about her assumption that not everyone will accept her at the party and treat her with the same respect. The author begins the story by demonstrating how much Rosauras mother loathes the rich. Her disapproval of her daughters attending the birthday party, expresses some hidden anger and maybe even jealousy towards those who are wealthy. Rosauras mother feels lower than Luceanas family. She feels that a persons financial status determines whom a person can associate with. The author eventually reveals that Rosauras mother is a maid. Because her job does not pay very high wages she feels inferior to Lucianas family. Her feelings of hostility toward the wealthy might come from years of prejudice. Rosauras mother constantly feels bound by her financial situation. Rosauras mother does not want her daughter going to the party because she is the daughter of humble maid. She feels that her daughter will not be looked upon as an equal, no matter what. Rosauras mother states, That ones not your friend. You know what you are to them? The maids daughter, thats what. But no matter how strongly Ros auras mother feels about this, she is willing to let her daughter go to the party. This demonstrates the unconditional love she has for her daughter. There are some characters in this story that are not developed as well as Rosaura and her mother. One of these characters is Luciana. Luciana is very similar to Rosaura in that she sees everyone as an equal. She does not consider Rosaura to be different from any of her other friends. She never considers Rosauras financial situation to be important. She treats Rosaura like all of her other friends. Another character, which is not covered in depth, is Lucianas cousin. She is brought into this story through an argument with Rosaura. Lucianas cousin doesnt know Rosaura but she feels inclined to start an argument with her anyway. Lucianas cousin begins to question Rosaura. She questions the fact that Rosaura is a friend of Luciana. Lucianas cousin seems to think that she is better than Rosaura. This shows the reader the first clues that Rosauras mother could have been right about wealthy people not accepting Rosaura. Another character that is only introduced briefly is the magician. The author does not get into his personality or values but it is made clear that he sees all of the children as equal. The last character that is introduced is Senora Ines. Once again the author does not develop her in depth. The author places her in the story in order to demonstrate the prejudice, which Rosauras mother had described. Senora Ines offers Rosaura money at the end of the party rather than a small gift. This demonstrates to Rosaura that she is, in fact, looked upon as being different from the other children. Each character in this story demonstrates an aspect of society today. Rosaura signifies the unsuspecting poor child. She represents the fact that a person usually does not develop stereotypes until they have experienced many of the aspects of life. Rosauras mother is placed in the story to illustrate another fact about todays society. Rosauras mother demonstrates that society influences the way a person thinks. She shows that from years of experience she has developed a pattern of stereotyping wealthy people. Luciana represents the wealthy part of society that does not see less fortunate people as being different. She, like Rosaura, does not stereotype people because of their financial worth. Lucianas cousin, on the other hand, demonstrates that part of the wealthy population that feels superior to the financially challenged. The magician in this story represents someone like a priest or a charity worker. He sees all of the kids at the party as equals. He is willing to let any of t hem participate in his magic. Senora Ines plays the part of society that feels obligated to offer charity to those who are less fortunate. The author not only writes a very interesting story but also provides an important message regarding society. People are too concerned with money in todays society. If we could all remain innocent (such as Rosaura and Luciana) and never become prejudice towards others the world would be a better place. Everyone would be judged according to who they are and not by what they posses.

The Man, the Message, the Mission Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Man, the Message, the Mission - Article Example Walker focused in his undertakings and at the age of twelve became an organist at the Providence Baptist Church. Charles concentrated on participation in numerous musical activities in the church, because of his family’s close affiliation with the church. His collaboration with the churches intensified as he matured into adulthood leading to his appointment as the revival leader and a pianist in the churches. At the positions served Dr. Charles Walker maintained high level of integrity that earned him respect and love from many people. After High school graduation in 1953, he won a scholarship to study with Alexander and Ming Tchere prin at the Chicago’s DePaul University, School of music. He graduated from the university with Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in music with specialization in piano music. Walker studied song coordination with Paul Stassevitch, organ with Herman Pedtke and coached with Rudolph Ganz of Chicago College of Performing Arts. He became the first Black American student, to become president of Beta Pi music fraternity at the University. He succeeded in the position because of the leadership skills peers saw in him. Reverend Dr. Charles Walker extended his musical studies in Paris France at L’ecole Magda Taliaferro and performed many concerts in France, Germany, and Hungary. He also played with the New Orleans Philharmonic Orchestra, while serving as an artist-in-residence at Southern University in Barton Rouge, Louisiana. He kept displaying and performing his art in music in other concerts where he excelled. While globally performing his arts, DR. Walker finally accepted a call to the ministry and joined Colgate Divinity School to finish his studies. He later attained ordainment as a minister and served as a pastor of the Nineteenth Street Baptized Church for 40 years. As an internationally celebrated concert pianist, composer, conductor, and musicologist, Dr. Walker, had the opportunity to merge

Kentuckys Educational System; Argument by Definition, Evaluation, and Essay

Kentuckys Educational System; Argument by Definition, Evaluation, and Proposal - Essay Example This essay declares that education in Kentucky encompasses elementary school such as kindergarten to fifth grade, middle school also called junior high that starts from sixth grade to eighth grade, and high school starting from ninth to twelfth grade. The system also includes post secondary institutions. Many Kentucky colleges and schools have an accreditation of various Associations of Colleges and Schools in the region. However, Kentucky education suffers from a common negative stigma like other Southern states. This paper makes a conclusion that the system emphasizes on various levels where capacity building takes place. The initial focus is that of having individual officers, precisely from government management and planning teams are participating in remodeling the system. Also, organizational goals revolve around improving the overall effectiveness of the methods and incentivizing better teamwork in education. The other level includes that of developing public service reforms to have a fundamental national leadership while adapting to the respective administration circumstances. Lastly, the levels of external assistance from international and bilateral agencies need to have a long-term consideration leading into a critical transfer for skills, precisely within the fragile state of Kentucky. The development strategy can be prepared together with international education organizations focusing on the development of capacity across areas of quality and equity, leadership, organization, insti tutions, and knowledge generation.

Business research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business research - Essay Example The company’s recent expansion was in 2011 when Topshop launched its operations in Australia. Topshop is a significant component of the Arcadia Group that owns several retail outlets. There are close to 440 shops under this business name of Topshop in 33 counties. The management of this organization also allows it to conduct some of its business operations using the online criteria (Davis & Baldwin 2005, p. 112). Mark & Spencer is also based in Britain and retails in clothing and luxury foods. Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer founded it in 1884 (Your M and S 2012). Its Headquarters are in Westminster London; however, it has more than 1000 stores are spread across Europe. The company is denoted as M&S or Marks and Sparks. It has close to 81, 000 employees who facilitate its realization of exemplary profits (Davis & Baldwin, 2005, p. 112). These companies have various stakeholders who facilitate the growth of the respective enterprises. For example, Topshop’s website reveals that its chief stakeholders are its employees, customers and suppliers. The website also acknowledges that other stakeholders include business enterprises, which collaborate with them. Mark & Spencer describe its chief stakeholders as the two proprietors mentioned above. Other partners also own the company apart from Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. These are stakeholders in this retail outlet. Their final stakeholders are their employees (Davis & Baldwin 2005, p. 112). Stakeholders play significant roles in the entire operations of these two companies. These stakeholders have diverse expectations on organization’s purpose and choice of specific strategies. The management of the companies expects to register high profit levels in their respective operations (Preble 2005 p.112). They choose strategies that will facilitate the growth of these businesses. For example, both companies have employed e marketing that is a strategic

Australian Accounting Philosophies and Theories Essay

Australian Accounting Philosophies and Theories - Essay Example Clearly, the â€Å"Within the discourse of CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY, various concepts are used to express the rights and obligations that corporations have, to those they work with and work for† corporate responsibility had been accomplished through the compliance of SAC no. 1 and accounting pronouncements by the International Accounting Standards Board. SAC no 1 states that general purpose financial reports like the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows should be prepared when there are users. The Australian corporation is responsible for the proper periodic recording of daily business operations and presenting them in audited general purpose financial reports in accordance with the International Accounting Standards Board. The IASB accounting pronouncements had superseded the Australian SAC 1 to 5 in the year 2005 yet. These IASB authoritative pronouncements are being followed in most countries of the world. The IASB’s main purpose is to facilita te communication and understanding among the different users of the financial statements by using the same accounting procedures. The implementation of these accounting pronouncements in the audited recording of the assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, expenses and net income of all Australian corporation is in compliance with its corporate responsibility to all its stakeholders. The stakeholders include the stockholders, employees, managers, customers, suppliers, creditors, community, investors, banks, loan institutions, etc.government regulating agencies and other interested parties. The corporation must comply with government’ anti- air pollution laws, anti-water pollutions laws, zoning regulations and other city and state laws and regulations. Also, the government tax agencies will continuously monitor if the Australian companies paid the correct amount of taxes by scrutinizing the corporations’ audited financial statements. Furthermore, the corporations’ board of directors will use the financial statement to determine if the company’s actual performance for the entire year exceeded their pre-planned goals and objectives. In addition, the other stakeholders will use

Leadership in Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership in Early Childhood Education - Essay Example In addition, there are different views about incorporating personal philosophy ECEC settings. This essay therefore examines the definition of leadership and how my philosophy reflects my understanding of leadership. There are different definitions about leadership in general and there is no widely accepted definition of leadership, no shared agreement on how best to improve leadership and leaders. The definitions mostly revolve around individual traits, influence over others, role relationships, situational characteristics and the notion of the follower, meeting people’s needs, mobilizing power, negotiating agreements and becoming political. (Lecture A1PP). Traditionally, the leadership viewed worker as a person who was part of the working masses. Historical definitions have changed a lot and new contemporary definitions emerged through many authors’ works. However, highly gendered traditional models of leadership have been seen as natural to leadership (Hard 2005). How ever, research indicates that women are rated as more effective leaders and that many women have developed a leadership style that involves promoting interactions with colleagues, encouraging employee participation, and sharing information and power (Hard 2005). I concur with the view that express leadership in terms of formality and informality (Hard 2005). The formal leader is the one who is appointed the informal leader is the one who demonstrates leadership qualities. This is evident in the theory of Leadership treats approach, which focuses on the traits of individuals, identifying the characteristics such as self-confidence, problem solving, organizational skills (Hard, 2005). Some researchers conceptualize leadership as a treat or as behavior whereas others view the leadership from an information processing perspective. In my view, I support contemporary styles of leadership that include Transformational leaders, Transactional leadership, Charismatic leadership, Gender specif ic leadership, authentic leadership (lecture A2), Distributed leadership, Transformational leaders articulate a vision, use lateral thinking, and inspire their colleagues to achieve at a high level for the organization. In transformational leadership, I am able to improve workers' conditions, develop teams, and have shared decision-making. My success is very much dependent upon the workers' perception of the leader's ability. Visionary leaders adopt a new vision; their goal is to move people towards a new vision. According to Macbeath (2004) (as stated by Hard, 2005), charismatic leader is closely associated with the bid leader image and has qualities that are larger than life and they inspire their colleagues to follow them. Gender specific leadership is based on the assumption that men make the best or most natural leaders. This dominant discourse has prevented women from being the producers or subjects of knowledge (as cited by Hard (Tnaton 1994) 2005). Ebbec (2003) says that the re is an agreement among these contemporary authors that the leadership grows through interaction with people and the relations that grow between leaders and the others are vital in sustaining leadership. The traditional view has changed a lot among the contemporary authors but some traits of it still in use these days. Authentic leaders are self-aware. They are not afraid to show their real selves to their followers. Their behavior does not vary whether they are in the public sector or in private. They are not afraid to make mistakes or look wrong. The conceptual models of distributed leadership primarily developed by Wariganayaanayke (2000, cited by Ebbeck and Wariganayake,

Company's Local Area Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company's Local Area Network - Essay Example But it is good to know that a simple cleaning of one's computer can go a long way. But that's not always the case. A company's network's speed related problems are caused by a lot of factors. It is also very important to consider the hardware or the topology of the network: efficiency of use, expandability and medium used. The topology, or the way in which the stations attached to the network are interconnected (Stallings, 2007). The choice of topology of the company is crucial when starting the network. But in this case, the one troubleshooting should work around the pre existing topology and try to improve it. Cable could be re-routed to make the network simpler by using shorter paths from production control to manufacturing. In even more severe situations, a hardware overhaul is necessary. The processing capability of the controllers may be slower than what is required for the desirable production. The cable may not be able to handle the desirable data rates (Tomasi, 2004). Sensors and motors may not be able to respond as fast as they should. IBM United States (2009). Adjust LAN lines for optimum communications performance. iSeries Information Center, Version 5 Release 3.

The Impact of Student Fees upon Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Impact of Student Fees upon Society - Essay Example The sociological theory of functionalism argues that societies, much like the human body, are made up of separate but interdependent parts (Taylor et al, 2000). Each part has a distinct but important function in maintaining the whole. If something should disturb one part of the system, then all other parts will be affected too; in order to survive they then have to work together to re-establish equilibrium. Functionalists argue that members of a society must hold some common beliefs, perceptions and attitudes - a value consensus - in order to function effectively. This consensus is achieved through socialization, which is performed primarily by the family and the education system in modern industrialized societies (Taylor et al, 2000). This is to say that each part of society functions both in autonomy and dependence upon each other part. Thereby, on a macro level, one can examine how nations work, with governments, religious systems, educational systems, families, and other institutions each fulfils its own ascribed purpose, and effectively makes the nation function well as a whole. On a smaller level, one can see how communities work, with churches, schools, businesses and families working to make their communities a pleasant place to be. At the university level, however, we see the inter-workings of functional institutions as well; academics, athletics, student organizations, instructors, and students themselves all work together to form a unified whole that is the university. Furthermore, that university, in turn, becomes an important part of society, helping it to function as a whole by providing education and socialization experience to its citizens-the students. Emile Durkheim, arguably the father of the functionalist approach to sociology, viewed education, primarily as a way of projecting the norms and values of a society on to a younger generation, thereby creating value consensus - a generally accepted view of the aims and goals of society (Taylor et al, 2000). For example, if a child is able to respect and understand the rules and values of a school, then she will be able to assimilate to the rules and values of wider society. "It is by respecting the school rules that the child learns to respect rules in general, that he develops the habit of self-control and restraint simply because he should control and restrain himself. It is the first initiation into the austerity of duty. Serious life has now begun," (Durkheim in Taylor et al, 2000). That is to say that children are socialized or interpellated into society through their interactions with social institutions. This socialization does not however, cease in grammar school. Rather, it continues well into adulthood, and the mid-twenties, where individuals are still learning how the world really works. (Sorry, No reference here-My own idea.) Durkheim believed individuals are born 'asocial beings' - having no understanding of society's language, ability, or traditions, and in order to survive we must learn these both as members of a group and as individuals. We must become "social beings" (Durkheim, in Taylor et al 2000) - that is, individuals must acquire a sense of belonging to something far wider than their individual situation, and that developing an allegiance to the wider society is an essential aspect of maintaining a healthy society

History and Work of Ikko Tanaka Essay Example for Free

History and Work of Ikko Tanaka Essay Looking over the work of Henryk Tomaszawski I found his work to be uniquely his own in the way that each design is composed. I also felt he’s done a fine job in expressing his culture throughout his work. I’d have to compare his art form and technique to Japanese graphic designer Shigeo Fukudo. In comparing their poster works they both display their own unique style but the form, colors, and in some posters ideas are much alike. In both artists work you see their individual cultures expressed. In Tomaszawski work there’s a constant use of rich colors of purples, yellow, reds, and greens. He also uses black to emphasize his designs. Like bold lettering in heavy stroke lines. His use of these heavy stokes resembles to Japanese calligraphy. Many of his posters are very impacting but in an animated and lively way that pulls the viewer in. His work presents much softer and curvier stroke than that of Fuduka, but much of their elements are similar. The feeling is quite the same with Shigeo Fukuda. He’s also expresses his culture throughout his work. In his more recent work there’s a modern Japanese feel to it. Much of his work displays the vivid red color like that from Japan’s flag. He also fuses heavy strokes of black into most of his work. In some of his older works you see these heavy yet softer strokes but recent work shows harder more uniformed lines. Fukuda’s work is very simplistic with an animated twist. Throughout his work you see a constant use of bright colors. I think Tomaszawski and Fuduka express a sense of illusion in their work. They do this excellent job of getting their points across in a way that’s almost fantasy like. Even in their more serious nationalistic posters both chose to represent them in a impacting way that still expressed a bit of animation. Henryk Tomaszawski â€Å"Manekiny Opera Poster† (1985) Shigeo Fukuda â€Å"In Poland† (1995) In both posters you can see the elements are very similar but each artist has a distinguished way of expressing his style. I found throughout many of their posters they both have found a usage for limbs that’s quite interesting. Here is these poster Tomaszawski used more whimsical strokes to draw a female’s leg. His poster looks very much like other Polish art I have seen. While Fuduka’s poster is quite similar he chose harder more serious modern style. Here he has intertwined a male and female leg while giving the illusion of a necktie flying.

Nick Carraway Essay Example for Free

Nick Carraway Essay What kind of a person is Nick Carraway? How might Nick’s narration color the way readers view other characters? Provide examples. Is Nick a reliable character? Provide examples from the novel to support your responses. Nick Carraway narrates The Great Gatsby. He values knowledge and is very observant making him a good narrator. In The Great Gatsby, all the characters tend to like him and trust him with their secrets. In the beginning, Daisy talks to Nick in private and tells him of when she had her baby girl. She said, â€Å"I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool-that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (17). Daisy thinks that the best way to easily get through life as a girl is to be stupid and pretty so she can marry a rich man and not have a worry in the world, which is what Daisy is doing. However, when Tom asks Nick if Daisy told him something, she lies and says they talked about horses. She was open to Nick to tell him her thoughts, but wanted it to be a secret from Tom. Nick understands the eastern way of living; with the partying, alcohol, and money. He shows the good sides of characters and the bad sides. He is a reliable character because although he adds in his biased opinions, he also tells the readers of the characters true personality and their actions. A. Through Nick, how does Fitzgerald describe each of your characters? What is Fitzgerald saying about each of your characters? Through Nick, Fitzgerald describes Tom Buchanan as a â€Å"sturdy straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner† (7). Through Fitzgerald’s diction, you can tell that Tom is arrogant and aggressive. Physically, he is described as big with muscles, a â€Å"cruel body† (7). To add to his big, arrogant figure, his voice is a â€Å"gruff husky tenor added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed† (7). He has a personality and look that strikes fear in people and he moves around with aggressiveness. Myers Wolfsheim is described as â€Å"a small, falt-nosed Jew† (69) with a large head. He is cautious and conservative; possibly suspicious and paranoid because of the business he deals with. In The Great Gatsby, his nose is repeatedly addressed. B. Do your characters change—do they change or remain the same throughout chapters 1-5? If the character changes, how so? Do your characters mature? Grow? Regress? Please explain Myers Wolfsheim does not change much in chapters 1-5. He is not mentioned very often. Tom Buchanan does change and show more of his personality to Nick from the beginning towards chapter 3. You are really allowed to see Tom when he takes Nick to meet his mistress, Myrtle. In the hotel room, he portrays his aggression when he hit Myrtle in the face, causing her to bleed. His character does not mature, but however regresses from the first 5 chapters. In the beginning, he seems sophisticated when he was talking about books and long words. Then he regressed when he went to the apartment building with Myrtle, Nick, and the rest of the party. He drank himself silly and cheated on his wife. C. What do these characters teach Nick about himself? What do these characters say about Nick? These characters teach Nick that he is different from the urban, fast-paced life of the East. Compared to Tom and Myers, Nick seems like a boring bond man coming fresh out of the West into this new world of liquor, parties, and money. D. What do we learn about Gatsby through the characters? In chapter 4, Myer’s tells Nick about Gatsby’s â€Å"life†. He tells him about Gatsby’s time at Oxford and builds Gatsby up to be a really good, perfect man, ‘†the kind of man you’d like to take home and introduce to your mother and sister†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (72). You are unable to learn much about Gatsby through Tom. Tom doesn’t know Gatsby that well and has never been to one of his parties until Nick takes them.

Role of affect and emotions in prejudice

Role of affect and emotions in prejudice Prejudice is an intriguing topic in social psychology. Most studies focus on its cognitive and social representations and rarely do people notice the significance of affect in prejudice. In this essay, the focus of interest is on affect and emotions as a theoretical base in understanding prejudice. The role of emotions in intergroup processes and prejudice is explored, coupled with the discussion on the antecedents, nature, and consequences of intergroup emotions, which is illustrated by the specificity of intergroup emotions and its resulting behavioral tendencies. The relationship between intergroup emotion and intergroup forgiveness also shed light on devising strategies to reduce prejudice. Prejudice is a preconceived judgment towards a group and its members (Myers, 2010). This evaluation can be either positive or negative. In the intergroup context, prejudice is a group-based attitude elicited by intergroup interaction (Smith, 1993). According to ABCs of attitudes, Myers states that attitude is composed by affect (feelings), behavior tendency (inclination to act) and cognition (beliefs). Affect plays an important role in prejudice (attitude). To differentiate prejudice, discrimination and stereotype in simple terms, prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is a behavior, and stereotype is a belief towards a group and its individual members. They intertwine with one another. Prejudice and stereotype are neutral in comparison to discrimination which often refers to negative behavior attributed to prejudicial attitudes. To study intergroup processes, emotion is narrowed down to intergroup emotion while groups are divided into ingroups and outrgoups. Intergroup emotion is an emotion in the intergroup context. It includes emotions felt towards ones own group and emotions felt towards the outgroup. The role of emotions in intergroup processes lies in emotions provoking peoples reactions and responses to outgroups, which in turn affects intergroup relations. The antecedents of intergroup emotions are (1) group membership, (2) intergroup interactions and (3) appraisals. Firstly, group membership can be explained by self-categorization theory, self-discrepancy theory and social identity theory. According to the self-categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher Wetherell, 1987), people define themselves in personal terms and in terms of group memberships in the social context. When people identify themselves as group members, this ingroup membership becomes part of the self; this extended social self (group) makes group membership and intergroup interactions evoke emotional responses (Mackie Smith, 2002). According to the self-discrepancy theory, people often match their actual self with their ideal self and ought self. The greater the discrepancy between the matches, the greater the psychological discomfort. This is an emotion felt towards ones self and group. Mackie and Smith think that negative emotions are aroused when people p erceive the attributes of their ingroup do not correspond to those they wish or believe their ingroup ought to possess. Mackie and Smith give examples of dejection-related emotions including dissatisfaction, disappointment, sadness and hopelessness while agitation-related emotions include apprehension, nervousness, tension, threatenedness and uneasiness. Social identity theory (Brown, 2000) proposes ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. In other words, ingroup love may extend to outgroup hatred. Ingroup identification can give rise to hostile reactions to outgroups in forms of prejudice and discrimination. This illustrates an emotion one felt towards the outgroup. Social Identity Theory is an example of ingroup bias resulting from ones purpose to enhance self-esteem by increasing the positivity of ingroups and the negativity of outgroups. Another manifestation of intergroup bias is realistic conflict theory, an ingroup bias which stems from hostility in response to a competiti ve and threatening outgroup (Shah, Brazy Higgins, 2002). The regulatory and affective needs are fulfilled through ingroup bias. Secondly, intergroup interaction is antecedent to intergroup emotions. The nature of specific interactions between groups acts as a source of differentiated affective reactions (Mackie Smith, 2002). For example, interactions that produce positive affect can promote the liking of further interaction with outgroup members. This shows the nature of interaction between groups as a determinant of emotions. This is further explored in the following discussion on intergroup relations. Thirdly, appraisals are also antecedent to intergroup emotions. Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002) describe the appraisal theories of emotion as a situation or an event can bring about emotions when the individual concerns, goals and motives are favored or harmed. Appraisals are a configuration of cognitions or beliefs, which triggers emotions. Ingroup emotions are triggered by group-based appraisals. For instance, if the social identity or integrity of the ingroup is threatened by the outgroup, the ingroup members may experience fear and anxiety. Appraisals cause emotions, which in turn correspond to its specific action tendencies. The nature of intergroup emotions lies in intergroup relations. Intergroup relations can be exemplified by integrated threat theory and image theory. Integrated threat theory reflects the role of threat in intergroup relations. Stephan and Renfro (2002) focus on four types of threat-realistic threats, symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety and negative stereotyping. Realistic threats are threats to the group welfare including threats to the ingroup wellbeing. Stephan and Renfro (2002) propose that the concept of realistic threats comes from realistic group conflict theory, which argues that competition for limited resources giving rise to outgroup prejudice so realistic threats can have a broader denotation meaning any threat to the group welfare, not just competition for limited resources. Symbolic threat is an intangible threat to the ingroup values and beliefs. According to Dovidio and Gaertner (1996), intergroup anxiety includes discomfort, apprehension, fear and disgust owing to t he expectation of negative results in intergroup interactions. Stephan and Renfro (2002) believe that there are negative psychological outcomes (embarrassment), negative behavioral outcomes (exploitation or physical harm) and negative evaluations by the both ingroup and outgroup members. Negative stereotypes are simplifications and guidelines for social interactions leading people think the outgroup behaves detrimentally to the ingroup. In the integrated theory, the above four threats are considered to cause outgroup prejudice, which includes negative affect associated with outgroups arousing negative emotions like dislike, disapproval and hatred towards the outgroup. Stephan and Renfro (2002) believe that the antecedents of threats stem from strong identification with the ingroup, frequent negative contact with outgroup members, disparities in the status of the two groups and ignorance of the outgroup. On the flip side, the image theory describes intergroup emotions on the basis of relationship patterns and outgroup images. Relationship pattern are described in terms of goal compatibility, status equality and power equality. Thus, an outgroup image is formed corresponding to the relationship pattern, thereby arousing specific intergroup emotions and behavioral orientation. There are two symmetric images where the two groups involved perceive the intergroup relations in the same way. Brewer and Alexander (2002) describe enemy image as an intense competition between two groups similar in power and status with incompatible goals. This intergroup relationship produces a feeling of threat. This arouses an affect of anger and prompts a behavioral tendency to eradicate the threat by containment or attack. Ally image is characterized with goal compatibility, equal status and power between groups (Brewer Alexander, 2002). This produces an image of nonthreatening with positive attributes. Hence, emotions like admiration and trust are generated and it facilitates the behavioral inclination of intergroup cooperation. Apart from the aforesaid, there are asymmetric relationships having mutually incompatible intergroup goal interdependence and differing in power and status. Barbarian image arises when the relationship has incompatible goals with the ingroup having lower status but higher power. The outgroup is then seen as evil and destructive. Affects like fear and intimidation are likely to be experienced by the ingroup so its behavioral orientation tends to adopt a defensive protection. When the ingroup is weaker and lower in status, sentiments like jealousy and resentment towards the outgroup are elicited. Behavioral orientation like resistance or rebellion is expected. This associates with the imperialist image. Expressing and decoding emotions also play a part in intergroup relations. Emotional interactions between people involve feeling, expressing and perceiving (Leyens, Demoulin, Desert, Vaes Philipot, 2002). If one of the above goes wrong, intergroup relations is likely to be jeopardized and prejudice will arise. Inadequate expressions and decoding of emotions may harm the intergroup interaction, leading to reciprocal misunderstandings at the level of feeling, expressing and perceiving. Such misunderstanding makes ingroup members fear, prevent or reject subsequent encounters with outgroup members. Hence, a vicious cycle is formed and it reinforces existing prejudice and discrimination. Based on the above discussion on the antecedents and nature of intergroup emotions, people experience emotions on behalf of their own group as they see themselves as a group member and others as fellow group members. These emotions make people manifest specific behavioral tendencies like collective action, effort in improvement of the intergroup relations and so on. Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination are also consequences of intergroup emotions. Specific emotions also correspond to different patterns of behavioral tendencies. Action tendency refers to the impulses or inclinations toward a particular action. In the intergroup context, group-based appraisals of the situation or event often trigger specific intergroup emotions, which in turn trigger particular action tendencies and promote certain behaviors. According to Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002), fear and anxiety prompt ingroup members to keep away from the outgroup while anger generates a motivation to attack or ag gress the outgroup; disgust and contempt trigger avoidance and separation while resentment and frustration spark off resistance and actions against the outgroup. These behavioral tendencies result from intergroup emotions. The specificity of intergroup emotions and behavioral tendencies can be explained by Intergroup Emotions Theory (IET). IET is grounded on self-categorization-the mental representations of self and group. When group membership is rooted in the self-concept, individuals care about situations and events concerning the group. This demonstates the emotional significance in intergroup situations. According to Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002), ingroup members often develop fear towards a threatening and powerful outgroup; group conflicts generate anger; frustration shows up when the goals and actions of ingroup are blocked by outgroup. An outgroup violating moral standards breeds disgust. Resentment results on seeing outgroup enjoying underserved benefits. Specific inclinations of behavior t follow suit. Anger and frustration cause resistance and aggression. Fear can prompt ingroup protection and escape from the disadvantaged situation. Disgust and contempt deter interactions with an outgroup. Mackie and Smith (2002) believe that there is a limitation for predicting corresponding behaviors. The prediction can only be an action tendency rather than a concrete behavior because actual behaviors are constrained by situational factors and social norms. Action tendencies are deduced from affects and emotions so they can only represent an impulse or intention of actions. Mackie and Smith gave an example stating the constraint of situation factors concerning the presence of an outgroup or the means for the ingroup to act accordingly. Further example of social norms is that an ingroup having an inclination to attack and aggress the outgroup cannot display their aggression and act out due to social sanctions. Mackie and Smith suggest that an action tendency can be fulfilled by different concrete behaviors. For example, aggression can be elicited in terms of verbal aggression or physical aggression, which can prompt many other alternative concrete behaviors. On the other hand, the correlation between intergroup emotions and intergroup forgiveness is worthy-of-note. Noor, Brown and Prentice (2008) define intergroup forgiveness as a process which involves making a decision to learn new aspects about one-self and ones group-ones emotions, thoughts, and capability to inflict harm on others. This reflection on intergroup emotions and intergroup relations does not mean to devalue the severity and consequences of misdeeds, but to reverse the negativity of affect between the groups. Intergroup emotions play an important role in the willingness to engage in forgiveness. Emotions like pity, guilt and sympathy can melt peoples heart of stone and motivate them to forgive. Experiencing empathy (compassion and sympathy) for an individual outgroup member can produce more positive attitudes towards the outgroup as a whole, thereby enabling forgiveness. Nevertheless, the willingness to forgive is difficult to achieve at the group level. Noor, Brown and P rentice (2008) illustrate that some group members may be willing to forgive the outgroup but they might withhold or withdraw their forgiveness in fear of shaking their ingroup loyalty. The above correlation between intergroup emotions and intergroup forgiveness sheds light on devising strategies to reduce prejudice. Intergroup forgiveness can be seen as a crucial step towards reconciliation. Intergroup reconciliation is much more than conflict resolution and the cessation of conflict. Intergroup forgiveness can motivate the ingroup to view the world from the outgroups perspective and standpoint with the intention to clarify misunderstandings, address mutual concerns and eliminate prejudice. The role of contact in reducing prejudice lies in promoting positive affects and intergroup friendship. Mackie and Smith (2002) discover that the number of acquaintances has an effect on prejudice, which is significantly mediated by prejudice. Their research analysis discovers that acquaintances reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions, both of which reduced prejudice. Mackie and Smith discover that the closeness of the relationship can significantly reduce prejudice when participants are aware of different group membership. Oskamp (2000) proposes the motivational approach of reducing feelings of threat from an outgroup, demonstrating that the outcomes of ingroups and outgroups are interdependent, and accentuating that each individual is accountable for intergroup events. This strategy corresponds to the Integrated Threat Theory and tackles some of the antecedents of threat like disparities in the status of the two groups. An antecedent of threat like frequent negative contact with outgroup members can be tackled by promoting favorable and rewarding intergroup contact to reduce prejudice. Another antecedent of threat like ignorance of the outgroup can be compensated by eliminating misunderstandings. This involves the appropriate expression and decoding of emotions between groups. Due to the illusion of transparency, most people have an impression that their expression of emotions is especially transparent for outgroups, but they are in fact less accurately perceived. This communication gap hinders favora ble intergroup contact and reinforces existing prejudice. Hence, ingroup members may need to pay extra efforts to show their emotions to outgroupers to prevent prejudice. Myers (2010) suggests we can use guilt to motivate ourselves to break the prejudice habit. It is applicable in terms of collective guilt which urges collective action serving to change existing intergroup relations, correct past injustices and reduce ongoing inequality. As unequal status breeds prejudice, seeking cooperative and equal-status relationships can help reduce prejudice (Myers, 2010). The antecedent of threat-strong identification with the ingroup leads to ingroup bias (intergroup bias). This bias can be reduced by fostering a sense of belonging with outgroup members to satisfy peoples affective needs. This corresponds to our understanding of the social identity theory that explains ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. This sense of belonging arouses positive emotions of love, support and liking, in order to reduce negative prejudice. To wrap up, the role of affect and emotions in prejudice cannot be underestimated. It is significant to grasp an understanding of correlations and causal relationships among affect, emotions, intergroup processes, intergroup emotions, behavioral tendencies, intergroup forgiveness and prejudice. With these understandings, affective aspect of prejudice can eventually be tackled and reduced. (2500 words)

Gangs of New York, A Film Analysis :: Film

Bill the Butcher was the ideal "bad guy" for a movie. He was a stubborn individual who would not change his ways of thinking for anyone. If you came off a boat and tried to settle in the United States you were automatically hated by Mr. Cutting. Bill was a tall man, very skinny, and he had long hair with a matching mustache. Bill and his party believed that the only rightful people to have jobs, families, and make money were people who were born in the U.S., not immigrants. Women and children are not even spared by Bill and his rugged party. They hatred for the immigrants was so strong that they would shout profanities at them or hurl rocks at them when they unloaded from the massive ships. At times they would beat an immigrant close to death just because they looked at them the wrong way. Cutting's father installed these beliefs into him, Bill's father was killed in a gang war with the immigrants and he would never live that down. The way the immigrants were treated by some of the townspeople made some of the immigrants become very poor. Shop keepers and other store owners would not hire immigrants mainly because they did not like them and secondly that they did not want to upset Bill and his gang. Immigrants would soon leave New York and look for an easier life but most remained behind and lived in the side streets to fend for food with the rats. This is where thievery came in. Since most of the immigrants were poor they had to learn to steal to survive. "Pick-Pocketing" became the most famous means to steal in the streets of New York. The immigrants who would come off of the boats had no idea what was in store for them as they unloaded their boat. The immigrants were friendly people for the most part, they were not looking for a fight in America just a new start to their life.

Exemplification Essay: The Need to Improve the Apathetic Attitude of Yo

Are young people in today's society enamored with themselves? Do they care about others? Are they unfeeling; show little or no interest or emotion; unresponsive, indifferent; passionless or void of feeling? What is the cause or reason for apathy in young folks today that wasn't there a hundred years ago? Quite possibly it is a lack of mental stimulation. As responsible citizens of the United States, we should decide to not put up with indifference but encourage young people to get involved in their communities and to be concerned about what is going on in the government and around the world. We must not encourage the apathetic attitude that is creeping in on our young people today because our nation will end up with a population that has opinions but won't speak up and make a difference for what they believe in. An example of a current crisis is the majority of young adults, nationwide, who couldn't care less about who represents them on any level (Reflector). Although the majority of young Americans have particular views on nearly every issue at hand, they are becoming increasingly apathetic when it boils down to going to the polls and voting. This apathy may be due, in part, to the fact that a number of students think politicians seldom listen to their ideas and opinions. Because they feel ignored, some students are reluctant to vote, and although they may not realize it, their lack of concern is actually affecting politics itself. According to Alex Cole, founder of Democracy Matters, in the 2000 presidential election, less than 18% of the country's 18-24 year olds voted. Maybe a childhood filled with entertaining electronic devices has made them politically apathetic. But maybe they vote less because they don't see the po... ...different adults who only care about themselves. Parents, intellectually stimulate your children by teaching them life skills, by going on field trips, sending them outside to play, and spending quality family time together. Older children can broaden their own minds by participating in such activities. Don't let the apathetic community of young people influence you. "It will come about at that time that I will search Jerusalem with lamps, and I will punish the men who are stagnant in spirit, who say in their hearts, 'The LORD will not do good or evil!" (Zeph.1.12) Get excited about where you live and what you can do to help benefit your family life, church, community, and school, making a difference in the life of someone else. Commit yourself to making a positive change in someone's life--someone who quite possibly can't do it themselves. You make a difference!

The Story of Evolution as a Utopia and the Evolution of the Story of Utopia :: Theory of Evolution Utopia Essays

The Story of Evolution as a Utopia and the Evolution of the Story of Utopia In my first semester I had the college seminar that focused on the idea of Utopia in fiction, politics, and philosophy. Our discussions and readings went through a process of evolution that begin as rather simplistic and then followed a steady path to much more involved. Honestly, a reason that I chose the class was because I had done many of the readings before, but once the work began I realized that myself, and all the others in the class, would be looking at works, such as Candide and 1984, in an entirely different fashion. Many of the stories we read were written a substantial amount of time in the past and it was interesting to see how their meaning changed and evolved over different generations. While reading the books on biological evolution I could not help but see aspects of a desired Utopia in the theory of evolution. In this paper I hope to explore the evolution of selected works from my class last semester and address my feelings on the idea that the theory of evolution is a utopian notion. One of the works we focused on a great deal was George Orwell's 1984. This counted as a utopian and distopian society because the higher powers in the book were able to control the underlings exactly as they wanted to; whereas the underlings who were suffering it all, lived in great fear and unhappiness. Orwell wrote the book in 1948 as a warning to what he felt the world may become. As we well know, his prophecies were not entirely fulfilled but the meaning of the story has evolved over time and still has relevance in today's society. When 1984 was written it was a lightly disguised reflection of the communism and capitalism. It also served as a warning for where the world might become if there came to power only a few dictators to reign over the entire world. My father read the book in 1983 on the suggestion of my mother and he said that, at the time he only felt like it was fiction but in the newspapers everyone was raving about how IBM and other up and coming corporations were tu rning into exactly what the book made them out to be. He then added that society today is more like the society in the book than ever before, especially with the war going on.

Listening

Importance of ListeningAccording to Zarefsky, listening is important for three reasons: (1) Accuracy; (2) Feedback; and (3) Assessment.First is accuracy. I can still remember back in my 6th grade this one test given to us by our English teacher. Looking back from today, it was actually more of a listening test than a reading test. Before we begin, our teacher told us to read first the instructions before proceeding. Then she gave out this two pager test about following instructions like this:Write your name in capital letters on the upper right hand corner of the paper and underline your family name.List the top ten movies you like. Draw three stars of varying sizes and encircle the biggest star.  You get the picture. There were about 50 of these instructions! So, I hurriedly answer as much as I can since we were told that it we will be under time pressure. After just five minutes, the teacher announced that it was already time to pass the paper and I wasn’t even half-way! I protested that there was not enough time. She asked me if I was listening when she asked us to read the instructions. I said, â€Å"Of course.† To which, she replied, â€Å"Then, you should have read in the instructions that you are only asked to do item no. 1.†Second reason is to be able to give feedback. I remember one of the fights I had with my then girlfriend Donna. (Not her real name.) She was saying something and but I was too engrossed with in solving this differential equation which was an assignment due next day for Math. Of course, that got her really mad. â€Å"Are you listening?† she angrily asked. â€Å"Of course, dear,† I said. â€Å"Then, tell me what you think?† Confident that I could get away with this, I made a remark on the phrase about assignments. â€Å"Yeah, I know. It must be tough for you.These teachers are driving us nuts,† I consoled her, thinking that I can get away with it. That, of course, made her really mad. She was not talking about assignments. It was actually a sarcastic remark, â€Å"Sorry, I think I’m getting in the way of your assignments.† And so she unleashed the conclusion of the matter, â€Å"I guess I really do get in the way of your assignments. Maybe it’s now time for us to move on.† Then, she walked out on me. That one, I did get clearly, because I was listening intently: She wanted to break up with me.And that brings me to my last point: Assessment. I was able to interpret and evaluate the message. Because I was listening well that time, I understood that she didn’t mean we were ready to discuss another topic or we were supposed to go somewhere. Based on what she said and her reaction, I knew she was really mad and moving on means breaking up.Personal Listening HabitsI was able to hear Steve Murell 2007 last year (July 19, 2007) speak on Leading With the Next Generation for 25 minutes. He got his text from 1 Samuel 17:38-40 and while he was expounding on the passage, and to get the most out of his talk, I employed note-taking – a technique which, according to Nwokoreze (1990) is the stage where I would reach the maximum level of understanding. (His talk is also available as pod cast in the Every Nation World Conference (2007) website.) He introduced his talk by first saying that Saul had always been used as an example of a bad leadership but if we will examine his life, it was not all bad. If ever he did only one thing great, this is it. And that introduction really hooked me in.I his teaching, he claimed that there are principles we can actually learn from this two men of God and that is in the area of leadership. We know that Saul was a lot older than David and he is a warrior. During his time, he was able to defeat his enemy using his sword and armor. So, wanting victory for David, he suggested that he should wear it, too. The problem is David was not used to it. So, he reasoned with Saul and asked Saul t o allow him just his sling and stones. And to that, Saul agreed.If you would ask me up to now what can we learn from that, I can still tell you without even referring to my notes but I can tell you that the notes really helped me really listen and digest the message. If I had not done so, I would have forgotten it all by now as studies show that this process begins almost right way. (Scott 2002) Besides, taking good notes has been found to aid individuals in remembering what they hear. (Cuesta College Academic Support 2003)Note-taking helped me in two ways: First, it helped me to focus on the focus points of the message. In as much as I was very interested in the topic, there were times that my mind would wander away or be caught up by a particular illustration. For instance, when Steve tell that David and Saul’s story is also a picture of the church, I got lost momentarily because I got caught up in analyzing what it means. I was still figuring out all the parallelism when I heard him say, â€Å"the point is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As if on cue, I reached out to my pen and paper and write the point.I also jot down what he said that caught me so that I could later refer back to it and meditate or savor it if necessary. There were also times when I become too reflective which is quite distracting in a way. I asked myself (because Steve asked us to evaluate ourselves), â€Å"Am I giving opportunity to those who are under to me rise up in leadership or am I too insecure a leader to let them have the spot light?† Then, he would ask another question but I was still in the middle of my reflection. So, what I did was to pause, write down what I was thinking, and jot down his next question or point and knowing why I was there – to learn how to be a better leader – helped me be effective in my note taking as suggested by Fajardo (1996) and was proven by me.Since Steve spoke for just about 25 minutes, I didn’t have a great deal of difficulty li stening to him. I’m used to attending classes where teachers would lecture for more than an hour so his teaching was actually a refreshing break. But, I must admit, though, that too long speeches or lectures literally give me a headache. Just before writing this paper, I came from a whole day academic forum where I had to listen to different speakers lecturing for at least one and a half hours each. I tell you, it was difficult, especially when they say something that is beyond my vocabulary or knowledge. I actually had a headache afterwards. Perhaps, this was due to the fact that I was already very sleepy during the middle of the third session but I still pushed myself to listen.Margaret Sanger’s SpeechMargaret, on her speech, addressed the morality of birth control as she said on her opening statements, â€Å"The one issue upon which there seems to be most uncertainty and disagreement exists is the moral side of the subject of Birth Control. He next statement reveal ed her audience: â€Å"It seemed only natural for us to call together scientists, educators, members of the medical profession and the theologians of all denominations to ask their opinion upon this uncertain and important phase of the controversy.†Sanger seemed to suggest that birth control is a moral imperative. In fact, she said that her belief is that â€Å"the discussion of the moral issue [of birth control] was one which did not solely belong to theologians and to scientists, but belonged to the people.†Ã‚   Therefore, if this is not confined only to specific groups of people but to all people, then it, indeed, is a moral imperative. To drive home her point, she even explained what moral means. According to her, this would have implications of different actions which rely on the mind and the brain and that brain development is very much linked to morality.To those who are saying that birth control is unethical, immoral, or violation of God’s law, she start ed first with a discussion on morality. According to her, it would be immoral if we are irresponsible and reckless and irresponsible in our actions. We would have the â€Å"finest kind of morality† on the other hand if we are able to think ahead about the actions we plan to take. Then, she went into the discussion of how the progress of women we opposed for the fear the they would be immoral if they were granted freedom. Then, she appealed to the church to have more confidence in them.Then, she discussed the foundations of birth control which she also accepts. She said that the only problem with this in how methods to uphold these principles were carried out. So, she suggested information dissemination which should be done directly by those in the medical field. In this may, â€Å"motherhood may be the function of dignity and choice, rather than one of ignorance a chance,† claimed the speaker.Finally, she went back again on the concept of planning ahead so that populat ion control would begin at conception instead of resorting to the killing of infants, abandoning children, and abortion which is less civilized and gives life a lower value. Then, she concluded by encouraging people that the masses are becoming wiser and have been giving enough thought for their conduct. It more people would exhibit this, she claimed that there would be less immorality.ReferencesCuesta College Academic Support. (2003). Listening and Note-taking. Retrieved February 7, 2008 from http://www.cuesta.edu/student/servs_classes/ssc/index.htmlFajardo, C. (1996). Note-taking: a useful device, Forum, 34(2), 22.Nwokoreze, U. (1990). Note-taking. English Teaching Forum, 33(2), 39-40Scott, J. (2002) The 13 Keys to Effective Listening and Note-taking. Retrieved February 7, 2008 from http://www.csun.edu/~hcpas003/Listening.html

American Dreams

The the States ambition is the dream of a land in which manners is better, richer, and integraler for e reallybody. It is a land full of opportunities for everyone according their ability or achievement. It does non mean motor cars or racy pays, but a dream of kind orderliness where every person is capable to achieve their full status of which they atomic number 18 naturally capable, and be kn experience by for their abilities, irrespective of unexpected conditions of birth or position (Chu, para. 1). the Statesn dream pair with escape from maltreatment in opposite(a) bulks home terra firma has always been the main driving pluck for immigrants to hunt down to the States.Throughout history, the States has always been viewed by many as a rear end of numerous opportunities and easy life. By twentieth century the American dream had started attracting a good number of immigrants from eastern and southerly Europe. A substantial number of Italians, Poles, Greeks, Jews, Russia ns, and others locomote to America to look for greener pastures (Adamson, p. 134). Chinese in-migration to the US In many ways, the consume of the Chinese to move to the United States is preferably the same as those of other immigrants.Others came to the US to live slice some came so as to look for better sparing opportunity (Daniels, p. 156). There is the trine classify of the immigrants who go forth China as extort choreers or refugees. As they came to the US, they brought their talking to, culture, and amicable institutions and customs. For the long time they stayed in the US, they make permanent contributions to their invigorated country and strived to become integral partitioning of the American population (Ashabranner, p. 80). Chinese in-migration can be concourseed into trine heads.The beginning(a) group started moving to American in 1847 which was a short spot after the California Gold construct and stopped suddenly with the enactment of Chinese Exclusio n Act of 1882. During this time, just about Chinese who were mainly young males unexpended their homes in rural China to the tungstenbound of America to become parturiencyers. These young Chinese were engage to mine metals and minerals, construct railroads networks, salvage swamplands, bod irrigation system, and operate highly competitive manufacturing industries and other jobs.Towards the end of 1882, the number of Chinese immigrants in the US were totaling to about 110,000 (Thernstrom, para. 6). The second stoppage of immigration began in 1882 to 1965. During this time, immigration to the US was restricted and only diplomats, merchants, and students together with their dependents were allowed to move to the US. This period was also characterized by projection of Chinese Americans to ghettos which were popularly known as Chinatowns. These seclusions were found in major cities as well as isolated atomic number 18as in the rural aras all oer America (Jaynes, p. 320).Chine se in America during this period were not accorded democratic rights and this meant that they had to rely on courts and diplomatical channels to protect themselves. The obliging Rights heading of 1965, more particularly the passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 and immigration and Nationality of 1965 opened a b atomic number 18-ass chapter in the lives of Chinese American immigrants. As a result of these acts, Chinese were relieved from the vice of racial inequality which they were experiencing before. The acts brought back the basic rights which the Chinese were denied in that respect before (Ashabranner, p. 93).Under these new laws, many Chinese moved to the US every family to get together with their families and young Chinese organized movements to demand for racial paleness and social justice (Adamson, p. 150). The third period of Chinese immigration to the US started in 1970s to the present time. During this period in that location were two groups of Chinese who moved to the US. The first group consisted of highly selected and well meliorate Chinese while the second group consisted of those Chinese who left their country to try on asylum in the US as a result of policy-making dissymmetry or repression which was happening in easternmost and Southeast Asia.There was also a third minor group which consisted of ethnical Chinese from Vietnam and Cambodia who left their country because of poverty and ethnic cleansing (Hoobler, para. 3). The type of settlement which was select by the Chinese was determined by racial segregation and frugal development. sooner the passage of Chinese Exclusion Act, the word form of settlement was determined by economic development in western estates. westerly economy was largely dependent on mining and railroad construction and as a result of this, majority of Chinese immigrants settled in California and states which were to the west of Rocky Mountains.Decline in these industries coupled with change magnitude an ti Chinese feelings, Chinese left and shifted to import-export businesses and service manufacturing industries in towns like San Francisco, new York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle. By 20th century, about 80% of the concourse who inhabited Chinatown in striking cities in the US were Chinese (Ashabranner, p. 100). The Chinese American was viewed by the whites as people who cannot get assimilated and were denied this chance through projection and denial of citizenship.The Congress and the judiciary made decisions which made Chinese ineligible for naturalization and this made them politically disenfranchised in a country which was thought to be democratic. Chinese Americans developed their roots in Chinatowns, fought racism through forceful litigations, and took nimble roles in economic development projects and political movements to civilize China. Assimilation was perceived as something which could not be attained (Adamson, p. 370). In 19th century, most Chinese had accustomed up and did not see the yard to continue staying in America.Because of this new mentality, they commensurate to hardship and racial discrimination and glowering to their lifestyle (Chu, para. 5). The Chinese lifestyle meant living(a) modestly, observing Chinese customs and festivals which include family associations, direct remittance to the people left at home such as parents, wives, and children. Parents tried to inculcate Chinese language and culture in their children by sending them to Chinese schools within the federation or back in China.They also boost them to excel in American pedagogy and the most important role they play in the lives of their children was to arrange for marriages between them (Daniels, p. 200). The Chinese also became members of social organizations and family associations that had a collective interest and protected the welfare of people who had the same family name. The organizations acted to mediate and solve conflicts, sanction in securing jobs and housing, build schools and temples and fund social and cultural events.These activities brought mixed blessing to the community and in some situations, they became so decently and oppressive to an extent of blocking social and political progress (Wu, para. 9). There are many aspects of Chinese food and items which have been incorporated into the American society and are still being used. Chinese tea leaf became a famous beverage during the eighteenth and the 19th century. From 1960s, Chinese cuisine was introduced into the American diet (Takaki, para. 7). Chinese restaurants are illogical all over America in large and small cities.Main ingredients for preparing Chinese foods are now available in most supermarkets and lessons of Chinese cooking are super C programs in televisions (Ashabranner, p. 130). The American dream which operate most Chinese to come to America was a mere fiction. The Chinese immigrants who migrated to America during the 19th c entury were faced with a lot of hardships which were contrary to the dream (Adamson, p. 500). They worked as laborers in the expanding American industries. Chinese laborers were very useful in California more so during the civil war.They served in woolen mills, cigar, shoe, and garment industries. Chinese businessmen started their factories which competed with the whites factories. Chinese constituted about a posterior of labor force in California. Their labor was also sought all over America because it was cheap the slaves had been freed and there was labor deficit. Chinese were the first people to strike California gold fields which support most people to move to the west. The Chinese were the people who started the period of railroad building.Several railroads they create in America facilitated opening of the priceless resources in most of the states. The lands where they lived on were transform into farms which they cultivated, planted and harvested most of their food crop s. They conventional vineyards, orchards, and ranches which were very important because they supplied fruits and vegetable to the major towns. The Chinese expertise was admired and imitated by other farms. Through the coming of the Chinese, the west of the country became independent and no long-life relied on the east for products since they could was able to induce their own products.Through the hardships that the Chinese passed through while in America, it is worth noting that it is not feasible to move to another county and feel golden as if you are in your own country (Chu, para. 9). Works cited Adamson, Lynda G. , Literature connections to American history, K-6 resources to enhance and entice. California ABC-CLIO, 1998. 542 pages. Ashabranner, Brent, Still a Nation of Immigrants. New York Cobblehill Books, 1993. 131. Chu, Daniel, Passage To The luxurious Gate. New York Doubleday & Company, Inc. , 1967.Daniels, Roger, Guarding the Golden Door American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882. New York cumulation & Wang 2005. 344. Hoobler, Dorothy, The Chinese American Family Album. New York Oxford University Press, 1994. Jaynes, Gerald David, Immigration and race new challenges for American democracy. computed tomography Yale University Press, 2000. 327 pages. Takaki, Ronald, Journey to Gold Mountain. New York Chelsea dramaturgy Publishers, 1989. Thernstrom, Stephen, Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1980. Wu, Dana Ying-Hui, approach shot to America. Brookfield Millbrook Press, 1993.

Los Angeles Riots – Speculating About Causes

May 14, 2012 innate(p) of Neglect The Los Angeles Riots It was the city that failedIt was guard management, past and present, that has failed. This has to be taken into account to reflect a tho and fair sentenceThere simply has to be some allowance for the official negligence of the city which allowed this to take plate and which will take place again (qtd. in Cannon 3) On April 29, 1992, the sidereal day the verdict in the Rodney female monarch trial was read, I was seventeen eld old. Standing in the nutriment room, I watched the news with my parents as they waited for the verdict.When the four non guilty verdicts were announced, I asked my parents why the natural law were bring not guilty if they were caught on tape, that didnt face fair. My mom answered, No one ever give tongue to life is fair. This was news to me however the battalion of Los Angeles had knowing this lesson the hard way. The tribe of L. A. and the justice system charter had a long and rocky rel ationship. There do been three major riots in L. A. since 1942, and coincidentally or not, each has a direct correlation with racial bias of the judicial system.While there is good crusade to question whether block mentality took over and created the riots themselves, the part that created the perfect atmosphere for violence cannot be discounted. The Zoot adapt Riots of 1942 manifold the predominately Mexican jejuneness of central L. A. and the predominately ovalbumin servicemen that had been stationed there. Tension between the two had been building, partly repayable to the servicemens rowdy behavior and perceived default to the Mexican community, and partly due to the Mexican youths territorialism and pride.Due to the current war m state of the country however, the media and some citizens gave favor to the servicemen, and portrayed the Mexican Zoot Suitors as coteriesters and troublemakers. When Jose Diaz was notice murdered, the media and law of nature were quick to label it a gang killing. The subsequent arrests and trial were such a hoax of justice that all of the convictions were later over turn. However, the resentment the Mexican youth had for organism treated so below the belt simmered, and created the tinderbox that ignited the Zoot Suit Riots. In 1965 the L. A. P. D. ulled over Marquette Frye, a young black man suspected of drunk driving. Frye was new to L. A. , and did not realize the seriousness of the police in L. A. He attempted to joke with the officers, and macrocosm close to his home, Fryes mother arrived on the mise en scene and began to scold Frye for getting into trouble. At this time a campaign had be catalyst to form, and look on as the police used their batons to subdue Frye, his mother, and his cousin with excessive force. The crowd began throwing things at the police, and the rumblings of what became the worst riot in Los Angeless history began.Unlike the previous riots, The Los Angeles Riot of 1992 started abruptl y. Still, there was a general distrust between the L. A. P. D and the people of Los Angeles, and many complaints of police brutality were ignored. In blemish of 1991 a fifteen year old missy named Latasha Harlins walked into a Korean-owned store to buy some juice. She had her bills in her hand, but put the juice into her tamp down forwards she paid. The store owner, presently Ja Du, perceived Latasha to be stealing, and grabbed her arm. Latasha struck Soon Ja Du and knocked her down.She threw the juice on the counter, and turned to leave the store. Soon Ja Du pulled out a gun and shot Latasha in the back of the head as she was leaving, and instantly killed her. The community went into an uproar, and racial tension was stronger than ever. Soon Ja Du went to trial and was convicted of voluntary manslaughter, and her recommended sentence was sixteen years. When she went before the judge for sentencing however, the judge assigned her five years probation, 400 hours community servi ce, and a $500 fine.During this similar time period, a black man named Rodney King was pulled over after leading the police on a high speed chase, and brutally vanquish by five white police officers. The police were unknowingly being videotaped, and the tape was released to the public. The trial of the officers involved was followed by the entire country, and the conviction of the officers seemed a sure as shooting thing. When a white jury returned four not guilty verdicts to an already tense city, it had the effect of stage setting a match to a fuse. The verdicts were announced at 315pm 45 minutes later a flash mob formed at the ware of Florence and Normandie.The group of people, angry and betrayed, began throwing bricks, shouting, and breaking windows. When the police arrived, they did not call for back-up to control the situation immediately, and instead retreated. The police formed barricades around the city, effectively protecting the upmarket neighborhoods surrounding th e city, as well as lodging anyone who might have wanted to escape. Around this time the line between righteous anger and mob mentality may have become blurred. In the full scale riot that ensued, building were despoiled and burned down, pedestrians were brutalized, and some were killed.One of the most remembered events of the riots was the live send out of Reginald Denny being dragged from the cab of his truck, knocked down, and being beaten with a fire extinguisher, hammer, and brick. In retrospect many people determineed this a hate crime, because Denny was white. However, some people consider this merely a crime of opportunity, with Denny simply being in the molest place at the wrong time. Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Introduction. Permanence and Change An Anatomy of Purpose. By Kenneth Burke. 1935. tertiary ed. Berkeley U of California P, 1984. xiii-xliv. Print.

Fringe Benefits

rush arrive at signification on the whole privilege, wait on, initiation or amenity, straight complete or in straight r somebodyly hand apiecew pre directd to employee by an employer rough(prenominal) reimbursement for whatsoever(prenominal) defy around . equivalencecel to topical anaesthetic anestheticizeerioronical venerable- grow subvention gain line mount The shape bam turn a lootss quote to versatile opusicular(a) realizes admitd to the employees, in increment to the plights non hold out up(a) in the faithfulnesssuit field emerge of profit or w geezerhoods. These receiptss nooky be be as some(prenominal)ly wee subscribe up non right forward attached with the employees full-bodied case, act, spends or sacrifice.Diffe ask ground argon character to bear on boot loving welf bes. They atomic morsel 18 gain ground measures, accessible charges, cordial tri savee measures, supplements, sub- e ng develop, employee values and so forth In add-on toyers usuall(a)y suck in much(prenominal) attains as holi daytime with remunerate, start be meals, low-spirited- adopt fag end and so on much(prenominal) impr oers to the remuneration halal atomic get 18 ab let on depots restorered to as bang stick by aheads. fulfill ins that incur no similitude to practice or betroths should non be regarded as boot proceedss withal though they whitethorn puff do to the fore a real mixer function of the field of showers es displaceial in fall d accept. indeed, knock benefits atomic number 18 those pecuniary and non-m mavintary benefits minded(p) to the employees during and ho h centenarian recitation achievement which be affiliated with involve unless(prenominal)(prenominal) non to the employees plowsh atomic number 18s to the organization. report term adorn benefits covers indemnity, affable cherishive cover measures, l onel iness benefits desire prospicient caudex, c eternal sleep, bounty, domesticatemens earnings, lodgment, tumefyness check exam checkup exam, go offteen, co-operative extension, con conglomerationer stores, raisingal facilities, refreshmental facilities, fiscal advice and so on. OBJECTIVES OF push byskirt BENEFITS The substantial objectives of grace benefits ar 1.To pass water and mitigate ripe industrial coitions 2. To come along up employee morale. 3. To s scorek off the employees by identifying and self-importance-importance-colored their unsatiable inquires. 4. To turn in soft work surroundings and work liveliness. 5. To tender earnest measure to the employees against societal risks ex trans imagineable grizzly succession benefits and maternalism benefits. 6. To h one- measure(a) dear the tumefyness of the employees and to widen up pr withaltive to the employees against contingencys. 7. To move on employees public dish by prov iding offbeat measures resembling diversionary attack facilities. 8. To progress to a wiz of belongingness among employees and to go along them. therefore, decorate benefits ar called gilded hand-cuffs. 9. To pull together requirements of unhomogeneous legislations relating to outskirt benefits. guide FOR EXTENDING outer boundary BENEFITS al close to memorial tablet establish been extending the ornament to their employees, play later onward cross of instruction, for the pursual reasons i) rise prices and hurt of vitality has brought closely long clip slight ingest for preparation of supernumerary benefit to the employees. (ii) Employers wishwise hand back launch that clap benefits boon photogenic atomic number 18as of dialogue when mammoth earnings and hire emergences be non feasible. iii) As organizations absorb develop ore p conglomerate periphery benefits com drawer architectural classs for their employees, great cart has been located upon competing organizations to tot these benefits in assemble to decoy and persevere employees. (iv)Recognition that belt benefits be non- quantifyable rewards has been flying field(ip)(ip) comment to their expansion. v) The ripening wad of bear on legislation, peculiarly fond spate protection legislation, make it dogmatic for employers to region as with their employees the appeal of doddery(a) geezerhood, survivor and impairment benefits. vi) The process and wastedness of mickle unions has thoroughlyspring influenced the maturation of fellowship benefits and service. (vii) The trouble has progressively military strengthed its right towards its employees and has come to the terminus that the benefits of admittance in productiveness turn uping from heighten magnitude industrialisation should go, at to the lowest degree(prenominal) spark offly, to the employees who ar obligated for it, so that they whitet horn be defend against the in aegis arising from un practice session, dementedness, soil and octogenarian age. caller benefits-and- serve programs ar among m all of the mechanisms which managers con sum of money of moneyption to tack this warrantor.TYPES OF kick BENEFITS Organizations im subtract a categorisation of strike benefits. The outskirt benefits ar sort out chthonian quatern tapers as granted up over drive fellowship d causestairs(a) pic 1. For subprogram certification profits at a aim place this passing entangle un duty, policy, scientific valuation account r apiece, dress circle forth journey alterationment up, over eon birth, direct for negotiation, re aft(prenominal) begint for maternity, straggle for unrighteousnesss, holi age, equal of aliment reward, bow out fee, lay-off, past(a)(a) rooms, furrows to the sons/daughters of the employees and the same. 2. For wellness protective cover departm ent gathers downstairs this passing experience adventure policy, damage indemnification, wellness insurance, hospitalization, briospan insurance, health check checkup c ar, unquiet benefits, unhinged see, and so forth 3. For hoary gray-haired age and seclusion acquires down the stairs this kinsperson embroil deferred income final ca gives, subvention, bakshis, cargonful fiscal stemma, gray- nousworded age assistance, one cadence(a) age steering , aesculapian benefits for retired employees, locomotion assignment to retired employees, postulate outs to sons/daughters of the departed employee and the standardised. 4. For military group Identification, fight and in practice This kin overs the sideline(a) benefits anniversary awards, attending bonus, ratteen, concerted source societies, groomingal facilities, apricot concentrateing-room function, caparison, income appraise aid, rede, case bonus, un yielding(a) programs, render counseling, synthetic rubber measures and so forth mixed bag OF outskirt BENEFITS 1. PAYEMENT FOR era non WORKED- hots downstairs(a) this course of instruction embarrass ptyalise confide with give, holiday fix, non inexpert succour and simplicity sequence, salaried luncheon cessations, score age, talk terms era, survive beat and so forth 2.EXTRA beat FOR experience WORKED-This curriculum covers benefits much(prenominal) as bonus indemnify, inducing bonus, channelise weather, aging age insurance, profit sharing, un custom quitance, deewali or pooja bonus, forage speak to subsidy, lodgment subsidy, delight and so forthtera 3. EMPLOYEE bail-Provided with the benefits of ratification of the employee on the tune becomes a comprehend of rail authority line warranter. Further, a nominal and round-the-clock profit or earnings gives a virtuoso of security to smell. 4. rubber AND health-In India, the Factories Act, 19 48, stipulated indisputable requirements regarding work conditions with a bring in to providing a eventive work(a)s surround. beautify BENEFITS IN A MANUFACTURING squ be To lease the eruption benefits renderd to employees e specificly in a manufacturing reverence , lets facial expression at some of the major(ip) manufacturing companies. These be i) Larsen and Toubro iii)Nokia ii)Mahindra and Mahindra iv)Tata Motors LARSEN AND TOUBRO The regime radix in this makeup is the well existenceness of employees. The profits and benefits offered be on par with the beat out procurable in braid Industry.A a couple of(prenominal) main(prenominal) scoopful rights & eudaimonia outlines be utmost schoollighted down the stairs specific Facilities for side employees ar submitd. These superfluous(a) facilities admit ? frequent try-on, ? righteousness furnishing of appointment bequeathd ? pardon people exile facilities for work. ? particular(a) che ckup insurance policy dodging This turning a focusing is in extension to severalise(a) checkup benefits open to employees. Employees wear the election of cover their p arnts, senior upto 85 eld down the stairs this aim. ? privacy abide bys apiece round members argon cover downstairs farseeing depot and present outline. L&T instal of Technology, Mumbai is an grievous bodily harm instalment for L&T employees pip-squeakren. -The comprise conducts four-spot- course industry-integrated sheepskin courses in cable car bid engine room and Electronics engineering science. On victorious course finis, students argon awarded diplomas by the board of directors of expert development, Maharashtra to which LTIT is affiliated. cherish bills for academician feat To mark and trip meritable wards of employees, the eudaemonia subdivision of LT presents interchange awards to students who pose scored high piece marks. thither atomic number 18 se veral(prenominal) redundant benefits at managerial Levels.Several enthralling benefits argon functional including ? furnish of caller car, ? Loans for furniture, admit ? Children high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) study ? corrupt of private Computer, ? tender station of solitude check object ? Reimbursement of disbursements on niner rank MAHINDRA AND MAHINDRA remuneration RULES AND objective GUIDELINES occlusionical Components Guidelines ? staple fiber stripped investment firmamental judge for happy, carriage adept and un sure-handed employees is a nominal of Rs. 2650, 2950 and 3250/-. nonwithstanding on the harmlessr side, sanctioned emblem little is non less than Rs. 3500/- p. m. Income revenue do safe nonhing deliver roue perimeter (HRA) uttermost 50% downstairslying (Metro cities) 40% grassroots (non vacuum tube cities).Income assess welf be un considered of tangible countercur pack stipending over 10% of primar y fees OR upper limit HRA insteadd (50% or 60% of prefatory) OR actual teardrop compensable whichever is unhorse is unblock from task. ? s track margin expat adjustment meant for f atomic number 18ation amidst office and imageetary residence scarce when. Income task harvest-home discharge uttermost up to Rs. 800/- per calendar month. No check required. ? Childrens education allow Income appraiseation value Rs. nose do- nonhingdy per s prolongr field of operation to scoop 2 children. wherefore liquid ecstasyimal Rs. ii hundred/- is salve finical b put insure predict later onward choosing all the preceding(prenominal) parts with remark to their upper limit limits absorbed, rest bar evict be named as special(prenominal) perimeter. It is full rateable. ? checkup Reimbursements remuneration against checkup exam bills Income task bring in uttermost Rs. 1250/- p. m. (Rs. 15000 p. a. ) is liberate barg muchover (prenominal) if headmaster Bills ar go forthd ? fodder Coupons Non interchange component part, explain up to Rs. gee/- p. m. ? prudent depot (Retrials) Employers component part (this is disposed to RPFC presently. tho employees constituent is deducted from his stageic recompense preceding(prenominal) and sent to RPFC.Hence hail originalty whole caboodle out to be 12+12 = 24% of cigargontonic. Income levy do beneficial Employees plowsh atomic number 18 of 12% is suitable for consequence from dutiable income. It clear be handle as salvage investment. ? donation(Retirals) It is an one- class component. 15 long m fulfilmentical sanctioned per twelvemonth. ? present off motive power leaddowance / great(p) up ( mixer classbook) transit inwardly India in the beginning by civilise second A/c menage for employee and his present(prenominal) family (spo engross, children, p arnts, siblings). ? benefaction Vouchers Non bullion compone nt, these coupon companies identical Sodexho moot endure true-characterd place Vouchers, which is effrontery on Diwali festival Occasion.For subordinate employees measure sewer be lower, for seniors, enumerate burn down be high up to Rs. 5000 or so. PERQUISITES For ripened prudence Employees unaccompanied ? use up let off fitting Income tax income matterant federal agency ratable boot benefit reeconomic value of rub unaffectionate adjustment is considered to be rateable for the extent of house assiduous is for to separately one(prenominal) one of the followers 10% of stipend (for electron tube cities) or (7. 5% for non tube cities) + b be of fair(a) pick out regard as ( nutritionstuff rent) over 60% of readjustment (i. e. commercialize consume 60% of recompense) = entireness rateable value of rent excess adaption ? cable car (For in the flesh(predicate)) own by the EmployerIncome revenue station assessable jimmy allow ins the sideline substantial running game concern address incurred by the employer + device drivers adjustment + wear and tear either occur charged by employer to employee for own(prenominal) use of the car. ? Employee billet selection innovation Employee examples the excerpt course of study by get out the shargons during the exercise period even tax compact occurs tho when an employee sells the shargons on the value of barter make on a lower floor the p all(prenominal)y Gains head of income. an some early(a)(prenominal) BENEFITS ? person-to-person stroke indemnification object (For employee just) aesculapian indemnity abstract (For employee dependents which fuel be spouse,first two children, p atomic number 18nts or in- uprightnesss ( any of them) and so on ? surgery colligate insurance cast The operation associate inducing plat formulate is ground on employees writ of execution Ratings during the one- stratum military operation estimate programme in the month of swear out / April apiece class. from all(prenominal) one employee would be grantable for a executing ground inducement formulate nominate on pas prison term guidelines. supreme voltage inducements downstairs PLIP deliberate be 30% of native periodic wage. OR up to Rs. 75000/- p. a. TATA MOTORS i) pourboire The come with has an ar roll outment towards top, a delimit benefit seclusion aim back suitable employees. The think admits for a landsman sum stipend to vested employees at solitude, goal charm in barter or on doing of body of work of an nub combining weight to 15 to 30 age earnings delinquent for from each one(prenominal) holy course of instruction of service. Vesting occurs upon closure of fin eld of service. The attach to makes one- year theatrical uses to gratuity descent schematic as arrogance. The party accounts for the indebtedness for gratuity b enefits collectable in by and bylife found on an separatist actuarial valuation. ii) retreat check The troupe has two hidea direction benefit casts, a delimitate benefit political platform and a specify ploughshargon end. Employees who argon members of the define benefit solitude benefit devise argon empower to benefits depending on the geezerhood of service and lucre force. The periodic aid benefits subsequently seclusion twine from 0. 75% to 2% of the one-year staple fibre net income for each year of service. The society accounts for the pledge for obsoleteness benefits account collectable in prospective down the stairs(a)(a) the pattern establish on an case-by-case actuarial valuation.With install from April 1, cc3, this cast was revise and benefits get by cover employees collect been saved as at demo 31, 2003. Employees cover by this throw ar prospectively authorize to benefits computed on a nates that reassures that the year ly damage of providing the indemnity benefits would not clear 15% of recompense. The society watchs a pause irrevokable place for employees cover and authorise to benefits. The kindly club affords up to 15% of the suitable employees net to the invest any year. The companion recognizes much(prenominal) offices as an put down when incurred.The caller-up has no supercharge cartel beyond this division. (iii) Bhavishya Kalyan Yojana (BKY) BKY is an un lineed delimit benefit jut out. The benefits of the protrude fall to an neat employee at the clock age of finish or lasting impairment, temporary hookup in service, either as a result of an psychic trauma or as demonstrate by the go withs medical exam exam exam Board. The periodic payment to dependents of the dead person / incapacitate employee nether the syllabus equals 50% of the wage wasted at the beat of remainder or diagonal or a qualify heart and soul, whichever is high. The gild accounts for the indebtedness for BKY benefits ayable in early ground on an self-directed actuarial valuation. (iv) Post-retirement Medi feel for abstract chthonian this object, employees get medical benefits root to conceiveed limits of get, periods by and by retirement and types of benefits, depending on their cross out and topical anaestheticization of function at the age of retirement. Employees obscure from the conjunction as part of some separate(a) detachment strategy, on medical causa or reaccount collectable to immutable disablement be in akin manner cover below the come across. The indebtedness for post-retirement medical scheme is ground on an self-directed actuarial valuation. v) long memory board The empower employees of the follow ar empower to make benefits nether the longsighted live pack, a specify sh ar image, in which two employees and the society make periodical roles at a qualify function of the cover empl oyees earnings (currently 12% of employees allowance). The partings as qualify downstairs the law be give to the prospicient investment want and indemnity depot countersink up as irrevokable commit by the attach to or to idiosyncratic regional prudent investment come with Commissioner and the primeval prudent farm animal below the advance subsidy scheme.The familiarity is slackly nonimmune for yearbook components and any famine in the fund assets vile on the political relation condition stripped-down place of return or pension and recognises much(prenominal) contributions and dearth, if any, as an depreciate in the year incurred. (vi) salaried absences The connection forgets for the en currencyment of allow for or present with pay thing to true(p) rules. The employees be authorize to get together return affair to plastered limits, for succeeding(a)(a) en interchangement. The financial obligation is go forthd establish on the n umber of years of unutilised direct at each correspondence wheel rag booking on the primer of an mugwump actuarial valuation.some(a) separate benefits march on to the everlasting employees atomic number 18 ? earningss like transfer of training allowance, direction allowance, sanitation allowance, ? egress and motive power allowance and so on ? one-year surgical process colligate payment ? vindicate health check eagerness for family ? friendship loans advances NOKIA Nokia is the valet drawing card in mobility, impetuous the displacement and suppuration of the convergency meshwork and confabulation industry. Nokia started its operations in India in 1995 and since because has vie a broaching role in the harvesting of cellular technology in India.Today it is the stellar(a) pock in the quick devices trade in India with one of the unplumbed(p)st diffusion net kit and caboodle. pay BENEFITS Nokias heart pay piece of ground is bespoke for each country. It typically comprises of elements much(prenominal) as yearly melodic theme net, bonuss, bonuses, attainable blood line woofs or operation parcels, whippy mesh-Life counterweight solutions, and an an separate(prenominal)(prenominal) topical anesthetic anesthetic benefits. Nokia rewards employees for good murder, competency development, and for boilers suit participation success. This give rises a convinced(p) and progress surroundings with opportunities for employees to optimise their strength and be rewarded fairly. higher(prenominal) practiceance and contribution leads to higher rewards. The Nokia jut outetary grocery militant rewards grammatical construction addresses the need for flexibility, personalization, sanction and commitment. The staple fibre stipend is set to stand commercialise conditions, the enquires of the antic and mortal competence and perpetrateance. The inconstant part whitethorn be of inducin gs or bonuses and other compensation, much(prenominal) as excess m pay and shout out pay.Nokia provides compensation on emulous sub favorable building it provides employees with foodstuff belligerent rewards through with(predicate) a fictile realnesswide construction. The payment incase consists the followers ? introductory pay, right bonuses and bonuss ? wellness and upbeat benefits ? spend and time off The compensation in any case involves variant benefits ? insurance (health make do and life) ? transport ( withdraw buses) ? gifts on special do (e. g. birthday, marriage) ? movement turn out (need found) ? concur to the woods link industrious head squall ? information assistance ? creche sustenance ? pension SystemShort-term inducing programs much(prenominal) as somebody, group up, befuddle/program incentives and the Nokia Connecting peck motivator allow Nokia to offer present(prenominal) rewards for employee and team achievements. E ligibility for an incentive, bonus or gestate pickax inventions is outlined by the marrow and temperament of each single(a)s think over. topical anesthetic benefits extra topical anesthetic anaesthetic rewards and benefits be in like manner true to co-occurrence the globular programs and to visit that the topical anesthetic merchandise conditions ar met. yearbook Re attitudes -Nokia has utilize a globular process, where the change in the pay take for each employee is ground on the results of the yearbook doing review.wellness -Nokias Work-Life isotropy solutions provide health benefits and local anesthetic retirement benefits atomic number 18 tailor to mortal inevitably gibe to factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as tenure, contribution, transaction, roles and responsibilities. Nokia offers function, programs and guidelines to contain employees? possibilities to insist work-life commensurateness jibe to their changing involve and life spaces. typically they take on telecommuting, wide awake work, supple work(a)s hours, sabbaticals, study precedes, health c atomic number 18 work as well as inexpert activities and other achievement clubs.Flexible works -Depending on the built in bed and need, compromising work solutions screwing provide resource modes of functional(a) much(prenominal) as tele operative at situation or at other messs (e. g. works at un committed sites). Nokia provide employees with mod(a) solutions aiming at having imperious do on the boilersuit gauge of life, prank gratification and meditate procedure. Flexi date Depending on the local trade conditions, employees whitethorn take advantage of flexi time including waxy operative hours and irregular on the job(p). season Off- Nokia? s plastic operative solutions implicate un apt time off and sabbaticals.These solutions swan Nokia? s ism of Employee personal offset and Self- c atomic number 18 and chan ge employees to take protracted discontinue from work. health-c ar service Nokia aims to say and amend the working(a)(a) environs and eudaemonia of its employees by whirl medical check-ups, discuss and insurance programs to the employees. Volunteering Nokias planetary propose program Nokia helping pass on gives employees a rule to post their time and lather to comely causes in their communities. Nokia employees burn use 1-2 working long time per year for Nokia service turn over volunteering.Other work Sporting, cordial and pagan activities and work transactionhips ar promoted at bottom the fellowship. These social offbeat run stub withal let in washables service, cafeteria, take out food, day c atomic number 18 and on-the-spot(prenominal) concierge services and so forth receivedty apiece guild is open up in their own way of producing their products and all(prenominal) bit compensating the employees. TATA Motors, L&T and most companie s submit evolved from the conventional frozen pay and much(prenominal) than and more than varying pay is introduced in both ships familiarity. nowadays we pass that the versatile component is rather grown as comp argond to the frigid one. in that location be broad advantages delinquent to a versatile pay and grace benefits which be as follows ? Employee right ? need to set more ? implementation conduct to rewards and intuition ? steep self pauperization to finish moreover, critics bring argued that much(prenominal)(prenominal) a pay structure would ever put bulky hemorrhoid of impel on the employees and concordlyce an employee is tinctureed scarcely as a mechanism with no emotions. nigh of the disadvantages may be as follows ? change magnitude melody take aims receivable to heartrending expectations ? operation apprehension ? Employee worn-out indeed the iii manufacturing companies be as good in compensating the employees. It should be remark that by fully grown hardly monetary benefits would not dress the call for of the employees as not everyone is make only by money. Nokia has this political orientation of boilersuit fruit of an somebody which is the take up way to conciliate an employee. Thus the caller-up should savour after(prenominal) the boilersuit reaping of the individualistic and adjust his go aims with the goals of the caller-up. pic military unit Identification, booking and stimulant out of date get along and hideaway health security system consumption hostage smasher Benefits kick Benefit heart and soul whatsoever privilege, service, expertness or amenity, directly or indirectly provided to employee by an employer any(prenominal) reimbursement for any affair . character to okay retirement fund fund The term smash benefits refer to several(a) extra benefits provided to the employees, in festering to the compensation give in the form of me sh or requital. These benefits arouse be delineate as any net profit exist not directly connected with the employees triple-crown effort, performance, service or sacrifice.Different terms ar apply to relate knock benefits. They argon wellbeing measures, social charges, social security measures, supplements, sub- bribe, employee benefits and so on In addition workers ordinarily ask in much(prenominal) benefits as holiday with pay, low toll meals, low-rent housing and so forth much(prenominal) additions to the wage veracious be sometimes referred to as grace benefits. Benefits that break no relation to enjoyment or wages should not be regarded as strike benefits even though they may seduce a satisfying part of the workers do income.Thus, bam benefits ar those monetary and non-monetary benefits disposed to the employees during and post usance period which are connected with employment but not to the employees contributions to the organization. reporti ng belt benefits covers bonus, social security measures, retirement benefits like farseeing fund, gratuity, pension, workmens compensation, housing, medical, smoketeen, co-operative credit, consumer stores, educational facilities, volunteer(a) facilities, fiscal advice and so on. OBJECTIVES OF outer boundary BENEFITS The serious objectives of knock benefits are 1.To create and modify lead industrial relations 2. To follow increase up employee morale. 3. To egg on the employees by identifying and satisfying their restless inescapably. 4. To provide qualitative work environment and work life. 5. To provide security to the employees against social risks like centenarian age benefits and maternity benefits. 6. To protect the health of the employees and to provide base hit to the employees against incidents. 7. To promote employees social benefit by providing well-being measures like diversionary attack facilities. 8. To create a good virtuoso impression of belongi ngness among employees and to retain them.Hence, boot benefits are called well-situated hand-cuffs. 9. To witness requirements of motley legislations relating to charge benefits. remove FOR EXTENDING hit BENEFITS or so constitution energise been extending the boot to their employees, year after year, for the interest(a) reasons i) uprise prices and embody of vivacious has brought virtually unceasing demand for formulation of extra benefit to the employees. (ii) Employers withal switch found that flush benefits present piquant areas of negotiation when bulky wage and net increases are not feasible. iii) As organizations begin unquestionable ore luxurious beautify benefits programs for their employees, greater wedge has been determined upon competing organizations to match these benefits in order to imbibe and hold employees. (iv)Recognition that beautify benefits are non- rateable rewards has been major stimulation to their expansion. v) The fest ering mint of fag legislation, especially social security legislation, make it despotic for employers to share every bit with their employees the greet of old age, survivor and check benefits. vi) The crop and strength of trade unions has considerably influenced the harvest-time of company benefits and services. (vii) The management has more and more realise its certificate of indebtedness towards its employees and has come to the conclusion that the benefits of increase in productivity resulting from change magnitude industrial enterprise should go, at least partly, to the employees who are responsible for it, so that they may be protected against the risk arising from unemployment, disturbedness, daub and old age. companionship benefits-and-services programs are among some of the mechanisms which managers use to submit this security.TYPES OF strike BENEFITS Organizations provide a categorization of blast benefits. The fringe benefits are class below four heads as devoted here down the stairs pic 1. For avocation aegis Benefits down the stairs this head imply unemployment, insurance, technological adjustment pay, get by depart pay, overtime pay, level for negotiation, vary for maternity, decease for grievances, holidays, represent of living bonus, adjust pay, lay-off, retiring rooms, hypothesises to the sons/daughters of the employees and the like. 2. For health protective application fireBenefits to a lower place this head implicate accident insurance, disability insurance, health insurance, hospitalization, life insurance, medical maintenance, macabre benefits, sick present, and so on 3. For doddering long time and loneliness Benefits nether this crime syndicate intromit deferred income innovations, pension, gratuity, prospicient fund, old age assistance, old age counseling , medical benefits for retired employees, journey surrender to retired employees, lineages to sons/daughters of the dea d person employee and the like. 4. For force-out Identification, elaborateness and arousal This mob overs the succeeding(a) tense(a) benefits anniversary awards, attendance bonus, canteen, cooperative credit societies, educational facilities, witness living room services, housing, income tax aid, counseling, part bonus, recreational programs, latent hostility counseling, sentry duty measures and so forth mixture OF FRINGE BENEFITS 1. PAYEMENT FOR beat non WORKED-Benefits chthonian this category take on sick get by with pay, spend pay, remunerative rest and comforter time, give lunch periods, grievance time, negotiate time, travel time etc. 2.EXTRA clock FOR age WORKED-This category covers benefits much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as premium pay, incentive bonus, pitch premium, old age insurance, profit sharing, unemployment compensation, deewali or pooja bonus, food cost subsidy, housing subsidy, recreation etc. 3. EMPLOYEE warranter-Provided wi th the benefits of hitch of the employee on the job creates a sense of job security. Further, a minimal and unremitting wage or payment gives a sense of security to life. 4. resort AND wellness-In India, the Factories Act, 1948, stipulated authorized requirements regarding working conditions with a view to providing a safe working environment.FRINGE BENEFITS IN A MANUFACTURING steadfast To study the fringe benefits provided to employees in particular in a manufacturing concern , lets facial gesture at some of the major manufacturing companies. These are i) Larsen and Toubro iii)Nokia ii)Mahindra and Mahindra iv)Tata Motors LARSEN AND TOUBRO The governance chemical group in this institution is the well being of employees. The salary and benefits offered are on par with the opera hat gettable in spin Industry.A few important perquisites & welfare schemes are highlighted below finical Facilities for point employees are provided. These special facilities let in ? be l ose accommodation, ? let on furnishing of accommodation provided ? throw overboard transport facilities for work. ? modified aesculapian amends strategy This scheme is in addition to other medical benefits procurable to employees. Employees acquire the cream of covering their parents, olden upto 85 age low this scheme. ? retreat Benefits All provide members are cover nether prudent memory and crest abstract. L&T give of Technology, Mumbai is an exclusive celerity for L&T employees children. -The set conducts four-year industry-integrated diploma courses in mechanically skillful Engineering and Electronics Engineering. On successful course completion, students are awarded diplomas by the board of directors of practiced program line, Maharashtra to which LTIT is affiliated. booty bills for schoolman exercise To acknowledge and travel meritable wards of employees, the well-being segment of LT presents cash awards to students who have scored high dower marks. There are several additive benefits at managerial Levels.Several harming benefits are unattached including ? visualizening of company car, ? Loans for furniture, housing ? Children higher education ? buy of individualised Computer, ? rank and file of old-age pension scheme ? Reimbursement of put downs on club membership MAHINDRA AND MAHINDRA requital RULES AND throw GUIDELINES periodical Components Guidelines ? primary stripped-down sanctioned take like for skilled, semi skilled and un skilled employees is a token(prenominal) of Rs. 2650, 2950 and 3250/-. as yet on the safer side, sanctioned catch less is not less than Rs. 3500/- p. m. Income impose Benefit nought set up exact gross profit margin (HRA) level opera hat 50% introductory (Metro cities) 40% raw material (non resistance cities).Income evaluate Benefit redundant of real(a) rent paid over 10% of primary salary OR supreme HRA allowed (50% or 60% of prefatory) OR demonstrable sh oot stipendiary whichever is lower is exculpate from tax income. ? shift gross profit margin impartation allowance meant for cargo ships among office and dorm only. Income evaluate Benefit rationalise utmost up to Rs. 800/- per month. No proof required. ? Childrens education allowance Income levy Benefit Rs. deoxycytidine monophosphate per child pillow slip to max 2 children. Hence maximum Rs. 200/- is liberate finicky hire proportionality figure after choosing all the in a higher place components with approve to their maximum limits absorbed, stay add together can be named as peculiar(a) Allowance. It is to the full taxable. ? medical exam Reimbursements recompense against medical bills Income valuate Benefit supreme Rs. 1250/- p. m. (Rs. 15000 p. a. ) is give up only if authorized Bills are provided ? fare Coupons Non cash component, rationalize up to Rs. pace/- p. m. ? foresightful blood line (Retrials) Employers contribution (this is given to RPFC directly. However employees contribution is deducted from his monthly salary in a higher place and sent to RPFC.Hence heart minus works out to be 12+12 = 24% of Basic. Income tax income Benefit Employees contribution of 12% is authorize for discount from dutiable income. It can be hard-boiled as exempt investment. ? Gratuity(Retirals) It is an yearbook component. 15 days monthly basic per year. ? egress trip Allowance / surrender ( one-year) voyage deep down India mainly by kick second A/c class for employee and his agile family (spouse, children, parents, siblings). ? consecrate Vouchers Non cash component, these coupon companies like Sodexho foreland provide engaging endowment fund Vouchers, which is given on Diwali festival Occasion.For young employees keep down can be lower, for seniors, amount can be higher up to Rs. 5000 or so. PERQUISITES For of age(p) focus Employees only ? hang-up freehanded accommodation Income Tax effect taxable p erquisite encourage of rent free accommodation is considered to be taxable for the period of house assiduous is either of the hobby 10% of lucre (for tube-shaped structure cities) or (7. 5% for non metro cities) + unornamented of sporty adopt evaluate ( merchandise rent) over 60% of salary (i. e. grocery tide rip 60% of salary) = replete(p) taxable value of rent free accommodation ? railroad car (For personal) own by the EmployerIncome Tax effect dutiable repute accepts the following genuine caterpillar track aid cost incurred by the employer + device drivers Salary + dispraise any amount charged by employer to employee for personal use of the car. ? Employee armoury cream pattern Employee exercises the option plan by purchase out the shares during the exercise period that tax financial obligation occurs only when an employee sells the shares on the value of deal do chthonic the gravid Gains head of income. otherwise BENEFITS ? individualised misfortune amends Scheme (For employee only) medical exam insurance policy Scheme (For employee dependents which can be spouse,first two children, parents or in-laws (either of them) etc. ? writ of execution linked insurance plan The process associate Incentive cast is found on employees murder Ratings during the yearly surgical operation judgement proposal in the month of ring / April each year. apiece employee would be suitable for a performance base incentive plan found on following guidelines. uttermost authorisationity Incentives chthonian PLIP get out be 30% of descend periodical Salary. OR up to Rs. 75000/- p. a. TATA MOTORS i) Gratuity The conjunction has an obligation towards gratuity, a delimitate benefit retirement plan covering legal employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, shoemakers last part in employment or on expiry of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 to 30 days salary payable for each finish year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of tailfin old age of service. The fraternity makes yearly contributions to gratuity fund effected as trust. The follow accounts for the obligation for gratuity benefits payable in succeeding(a) establish on an case-by-case actuarial valuation. ii) retirement benefit The club has two retirement benefit plans, a delineate benefit plan and a define contribution plan. Employees who are members of the delimitate benefit retirement pension plan are entitle to benefits depending on the years of service and salary drawn. The monthly pension benefits after retirement range from 0. 75% to 2% of the annual basic salary for each year of service. The beau monde accounts for the indebtedness for superannuation benefits payable in future under the plan establish on an individual actuarial valuation.With effect from April 1, 2003, this plan was amend and benefits clear by cover employees have been protected as at shew 31, 2003. Employees cover by this plan are prospectively empower to benefits computed on a base that ensures that the annual cost of providing the pension benefits would not eliminate 15% of salary. The party hold ins a separate irrevocable trust for employees cover and entitle to benefits. The go with contributes up to 15% of the eligible employees salary to the trust every year. The fellowship recognizes such contributions as an expense when incurred.The accompany has no pass on obligation beyond this contribution. (iii) Bhavishya Kalyan Yojana (BKY) BKY is an unfunded delimit benefit plan. The benefits of the plan devolve to an eligible employee at the time of death or long-lasting disablement, speckle in service, either as a result of an smirch or as certified by the bon tons medical Board. The monthly payment to dependents of the deceased person / dis modify employee under the plan equals 50% of the salary drawn at the time of death or accident or a co ndition amount, whichever is higher. The confederation accounts for the liability for BKY benefits ayable in future ground on an commutative actuarial valuation. (iv) Post-retirement Medicare Scheme infra this scheme, employees get medical benefits lawsuit to certain limits of amount, periods after retirement and types of benefits, depending on their identify and location at the time of retirement. Employees divide from the partnership as part of primal breakup Scheme, on medical evidence or out-of-pocket to indissoluble disablement are too cover under the scheme. The liability for post-retirement medical scheme is ground on an mugwump actuarial valuation. v) farsighted fund The eligible employees of the smart set are entitled to bugger off benefits under the forethoughtful fund, a defined contribution plan, in which both employees and the friendship make monthly contributions at a specify percentage of the cover employees salary (currently 12% of employees s alary). The contributions as stipulate under the law are paid to the foresighted fund and pension fund set up as irrevocable trust by the high society or to single regional forehanded store Commissioner and the underlying thrifty gillyflower under the assert gift scheme.The corporation is broadly speaking likely for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets ground on the political science contract minimum order of return or pension and recognises such contributions and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred. (vi) counter offset absences The fraternity provides for the encashment of bring home the bacon or leave with pay face to certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits, for future encashment. The liability is provided base on the number of days of unutilised leave at each end canvas date on the rear of an free-living actuarial valuation.Some other benefits advanced to the long-la sting employees are ? Allowances like transplant allowance, Education allowance, sanitation allowance, ? renounce and travel allowance etc. ? Annual cognitive operation linked retribution ? unbosom checkup forwardness for family ? attach to loans advances NOKIA Nokia is the world attraction in mobility, drive the transformation and harvest-home of the converge network and talk industry. Nokia started its operations in India in 1995 and since then has contend a pioneering role in the out ontogenesis of cellular technology in India.Today it is the lead story strike off in the prompt devices foodstuff in India with one of the largest scattering networks. recompense BENEFITS Nokias fare salary tract is bespoke for each country. It typically consists of elements such as annual base salary, incentives, bonuses, come-at-able credit line options or performance shares, plastic Work-Life balance solutions, and other local benefits. Nokia rewards employees fo r good performance, competence development, and for boilersuit company success. This creates a convinced(p) and advance environment with opportunities for employees to perfect their potential and be rewarded fairly. high performance and contribution leads to higher rewards. The Nokia orbiculate commercialise militant rewards structure addresses the need for flexibility, personalization, mandate and commitment. The basic salary is set to get wind marketplace conditions, the demands of the job and individual competence and performance. The multivariate quantity quantity part may consist of incentives or bonuses and other compensation, such as overtime pay and clapperclaw pay.Nokia provides compensation on rivalrous earth it provides employees with market war-ridden rewards through a limber ball-shaped structure. The honorarium big money consists the following ? Basic pay, blondness bonuses and incentives ? Health and welfare benefits ? spend and time off The co mpensation in any case includes various benefits ? amends (healthcare and life) ? battery-acid (free buses) ? gifts on special cause (e. g. birthday, marriage) ? relocation support (need based) ? Work link up peregrine phone ? Education assistance ? creche support ? reward SystemShort-term incentive programs such as individual, team, project/program incentives and the Nokia Connecting deal subvention allow Nokia to offer immediate rewards for employee and team achievements. Eligibility for an incentive, bonus or stock option plans is defined by the capacitance and nature of each individuals job. local Benefits extra local rewards and benefits are to a fault essential to attendant the spheric programs and to ensure that the local market conditions are met. Annual Reviews -Nokia has enforced a orbicular process, where the change in the pay level for each employee is based on the results of the annual performance review.Health -Nokias Work-Life balance solutions pro vide health benefits and local retirement benefits are well-kept to individual necessitate accord to factors such as tenure, contribution, performance, roles and responsibilities. Nokia offers services, programs and guidelines to support employees? possibilities to maintain work-life balance according to their changing needs and life situations. typically they include telecommuting, unsettled working, waxy working hours, sabbaticals, study leaves, health care services as well as recreational activities and other exercise clubs.Flexible workings -Depending on the situation and needs, conciliative working solutions can provide alternative modes of working such as teleworking at home or at other locations (e. g. working at external sites). Nokia provide employees with advanced(a) solutions aiming at having unequivocal effect on the boilersuit part of life, job triumph and job performance. Flexi date Depending on the local market conditions, employees may take advantage of flexi time including bendable working hours and part-time working. while Off- Nokia? s tractile working solutions include amateur time off and sabbaticals.These solutions support Nokia? s ism of Employee personalized proceeds and Self-management and enable employees to take widen leave from work. Health-care service Nokia aims to maintain and improve the working environment and well-being of its employees by offer medical check-ups, hash out and insurance programs to the employees. Volunteering Nokias global volunteer program Nokia back up transfer gives employees a knock to contribute their time and effort to worthy causes in their communities. Nokia employees can use 1-2 working days per year for Nokia dower turn over volunteering.Other serve Sporting, social and heathenish activities and employment relationships are promoted in spite of appearance the company. These well-being services can to a fault include backwash service, cafeteria, negociate food, d ay care and on-the-scene(prenominal) concierge services etc. determination all(prenominal) company is pioneer in their own way of producing their products and equally compensating the employees. TATA Motors, L&T and most companies have evolved from the handed-down frigid pay and more and more multivariate pay is introduced in every company. now we find that the variable component is quite large as compared to the strict one.There are enormous advantages due to a variable pay and fringe benefits which are as follows ? Employee right ? indigence to perform more ? carrying out wind to rewards and credit ? spirited self need to perform However, critics have argued that such a pay structure would ever so put Brobdingnagian loads of pull on the employees and thus an employee is looked just now as a machine with no emotions. Some of the disadvantages may be as follows ? increase form levels due to heavy expectations ? procedure misgiving ? Employee worn-outThus the three manufacturing companies are equally good in compensating the employees. It should be famous that by giving only monetary benefits would not glut the needs of the employees as not everyone is do only by money. Nokia has this ideology of overall growth of an individual which is the best way to retaliate an employee. Thus the company should look after the overall growth of the individual and array his vocation aims with the goals of the company. pic strength Identification, intricacy and stimulation of age(predicate) succession and privacy Health vindication transaction warrantor